CLI Commands

This document provides an overview of CLI commands that can be sent to MeshCore Repeaters, Room Servers and Sensors.

See CLI Availability by Firmware Build for the role and profile matrix, including the commands intentionally omitted from portable firmware.

See CLI Command Availability Matrix for the command-by-command nRF52 and ESP32 build tables.

The first word of a command is case-insensitive, so set, Set, and SET are equivalent, as are get, Get, and the other command verbs. The case of arguments such as node names, passwords, and keys is left unchanged.

Operational
Neighbors
Statistics
Logging
Information
Configuration
Radio
System
- GPIO
Routing
Flood Rules
Group Text Moderation
ACL
Region Management
- Region Examples
GPS
Sensors
Bridge
Ethernet

Operational

Reboot the node

Usage: - reboot

Note: No reply is sent.

Power-off the node

Usage: - poweroff, or - shutdown

Note: No reply is sent.

Enter the UF2 bootloader (nRF52 only)

Usage: - uf2reset

Serial Only: Yes

Note: Reboots directly into the UF2 bootloader on supported nRF52 boards.

Reset the clock and reboot

Usage: - clkreboot

Note: No reply is sent.

Sync the clock with the remote device

Usage: - clock sync

Display current time in UTC

Usage: - clock

Set the time to a specific timestamp

Usage: - time <epoch_seconds>

Parameters: - epoch_seconds: Unix epoch time

Usage: - advert

Usage: - advert.zerohop

Ask a USB-connected host service over LoRa (Repeater Only)

Usage:

host <text> - authenticated remote administrator only
get host - show bridge state and byte limits

host hands one remote LoRa CLI request to a service on the repeater's USB host and returns that service's reply over LoRa. It does not execute the text inside the firmware. The service has 4 seconds to prove the exact request is still pending, then 6 seconds to execute and reply. A second remote command receives busy while either phase is pending.

Request text is limited to 155 UTF-8 bytes, or 152 bytes when a companion uses its legacy three-byte correlation prefix. The complete LoRa reply is limited to 162 bytes. USB records use Base64URL text, a random 64-bit nonce, and the repeater identity's Ed25519 signature. Before executing anything, the service must return a random one-time challenge and receive the repeater's signed live proof. This avoids any dependency on repeater/Pi clock agreement. Every host.reply USB command must carry the matching request ID and nonce; it is not accepted from LoRa or the Ethernet CLI.

The included Raspberry Pi endpoint supports exact commands for help, cpu-temp, hostname, uptime, load, memory, disk-free, and clock status. It also provides strictly validated clock sync and clock set <unix_epoch> recovery actions, opt-in network restart and reboot actions, action status <operation_id>, and run <alias> [arguments] for locally allowlisted executables with typed arguments. Clock changes and host recovery actions are disabled by default, arbitrary executables are never accepted, and no action uses a shell. Clock set accepts only canonical unsigned decimal epochs from 2020 through 2099; a root-owned Unix-socket service revalidates the request and authenticates the local service account with SO_PEERCRED before changing system time. Network restart and reboot use a separate root-owned Unix-socket broker with fixed systemd units; installing clock control does not grant those actions. The endpoint never uses sudo for privileged host actions. See LoRa CLI host service for the complete meshcoretomqtt setup and security model.

Start or stop an Over-The-Air (OTA) firmware update

Usage: - start ota - start ota ap - stop ota

start ota serves the web upload page on the station IP when connected to WiFi; otherwise it raises the MeshCore-OTA access point. start ota ap always raises the access point, which is useful when the normal network uses client isolation.

On an ESP32 build with WebConfig, the manual OTA uploader and WebConfig both use HTTP port 80 and cannot run together. Stop WebConfig before start ota, or stop OTA before start webconfig.

FULL ESP32 builds also expose the .mota folder seeder on TCP port 5001 whenever WiFi is usable. This listener is independent of port 80, so a host can run motatool serve --dir ./motas --tcp <node-ip>:5001 while WebConfig is active. The TCP connection auto-attaches and detaches the folder; do not run ota folder on at the same time because that command selects the USB-serial folder transport.

Browser configuration portal (ESP32 repeater and room server)

Usage:

start webconfig
start webconfig ap
stop webconfig
set webui on
set webui off
get webui
get wifi.ssid
get wifi.status
get wifi.powersave
get wifi.cli
set wifi.ssid <network name>
set wifi.pwd [password]
set wifi.powersave <none|min|max>
set wifi.cli <on|off>

set webui on is the persistent master switch. It starts the portal now and again after future reboots; set webui off closes it and disables that boot start. get webui reports the saved on/off state plus whether the portal is inactive, joining WiFi, serving a setup AP, or serving a LAN URL. The default is off on repeater and room-server builds. On display-equipped repeaters, an otherwise-unused triple click toggles the same saved setting. Consequently, > off, http://192.168.1.130/ means the saved boot setting is off while a temporary WebConfig session is currently active at that URL.

start webconfig is a temporary start that does not change the saved switch. It serves the shared WiFi, radio, flood, loop, and status page and reports its URL. MQTT builds also show the MQTT tab and wizard step; non-MQTT builds remove them entirely. Sign in with the node's admin password. If the node has no saved WiFi SSID, the command starts the open MeshCore-Setup-XXXX captive AP at http://192.168.4.1/ instead.

start webconfig ap forces captive-AP mode. It will not interrupt an active MQTT bridge, so run set bridge.enabled off first. Use stop webconfig to close either mode for the current boot. (stop webconfig does not change a saved webui on.) LAN mode otherwise remains active until reboot. On expanded FULL builds, an unconfigured automatic setup AP receives one absolute 30-minute window per boot, then powers WiFi off even if a client remains attached; rebooting starts a new automatic window. An administrator can explicitly run start webconfig again without rebooting. Once an SSID is saved, the cutoff no longer applies and the selected WiFi/MQTT mode keeps reconnecting. Other setup sessions retain their profile's idle timeout.

The saved wifi.cli setting defaults to on. Use set wifi.cli off to disable the CLI tab. get wifi.cli reports off, on, waiting for WiFi client, or on, active. The saved setting becomes active only in station/LAN mode while the WiFi client is connected. It is deliberately unavailable on the open setup access point. The tab sends one command at a time through the local administrator command parser and displays the reply in the browser. It uses remote-administrator command permissions, so commands explicitly restricted to a physical serial connection remain unavailable. Select Command block to paste up to 100 commands with one command per line. Blank lines are ignored, and every nonblank line must fit the normal 159-byte CLI command limit. The browser sends the lines sequentially and waits for each reply before sending the next line. The queue exists only in that browser page; closing it stops any commands that have not yet been sent. A lost connection also stops the remaining block.

Up/down arrow keys recall commands from the current browser session in single-command mode. A command that stops WebConfig, changes its WiFi connection, disables wifi.cli, or reboots the node stops the remaining block and can close the page before its reply is collected.

On unified FULL USB + WiFi and FULL logging-fallback ESP32 repeater/room-server builds, get wifi.ssid reports the saved standalone WebConfig network and get wifi.status reports whether WiFi is unconfigured, off, connecting, running the setup AP, failed, or connected. A connected result includes the SSID, LAN IP, and RSSI. When the shared OTA seeder is running, the reply appends OTA TCP 5001: listening or OTA TCP 5001: client connected. WiFi being off is normal while WebConfig is inactive; run start webconfig when a temporary connection is wanted. get wifi.powersave reports the saved standalone setting as none, min, or max. Fresh Cascade-profile builds default to min; target-default builds use none. A saved setting takes precedence after an upgrade.

The WiFi set commands work on MQTT observers and on FULL standalone ESP32 repeater/room-server builds. On a standalone build, changing the SSID or password stops an active WebConfig session; run start webconfig again to use the new credentials. set wifi.pwd with no value selects an open network. Standalone WiFi also accepts an exact 64-character hexadecimal WPA/WPA2 PSK; ordinary passphrases remain limited to 63 characters. Other 64-character values and all longer values are rejected. MQTT observer WiFi passwords retain their fixed 63-character limit. Power-save changes are applied immediately when WiFi is running and otherwise take effect on the next connection. get wifi.pwd is intentionally unavailable so the standalone password is never returned by the CLI.

ESP32 WiFi Companion WebConfig exposes the same wifi.powersave values in its WiFi card. Every ESP32 WiFi Companion with WebConfig exposes the standalone wifi.ssid, wifi.status, wifi.powersave, wifi.cli, and WebConfig command families through its USB text terminal. Full Companion exposes the same role-specific terminal on TCP port 5002. Credential writes reply before restarting the WiFi station, so a TCP client should expect to reconnect at the new address; USB password input is masked. Binary Companion clients can use USB, BLE, or TCP port 5000 without the terminal-start token: send command 0x42 (CMD_RUN_CLI_COMMAND) followed by the same CLI text, such as get wifi.powersave or set wifi.powersave min. WiFi-only Companions accept all three modes. A Full Companion that runs BLE and infrastructure WiFi simultaneously rejects none because coexistence requires modem sleep. Companion device powersaving and LoRa radio.rxps remain independent. On an ESP32 Full Companion whose primary mesh radio is ESP-NOW, max is also unavailable: a station using maximum modem sleep can miss ESP-NOW broadcasts, which the access point does not buffer for it. A previously saved conflicting value is capped to and reported as min, and a new conflicting selection is rejected. The primary mesh radio also holds the ESP-IDF WiFi wake reference continuously so unsolicited ESP-NOW frames remain receivable; selecting min does not put that primary receiver to sleep.

SenseCAP Indicator Full is the exclusive-secondary exception. On a WiFi-selected boot, LoRa accepts none|min|max and ESP-NOW accepts none|min. On a BLE-selected boot infrastructure WiFi is not started; LoRa accepts min|max for the saved WiFi setting, while ESP-NOW + BLE requires min. USB and the primary LoRa or ESP-NOW radio remain available in every mode.

View or change the primary ESP-NOW/WiFi channel

Usage:

get espnow.channel
set espnow.channel <channel>

Parameters:

channel: Shared 2.4 GHz WiFi channel from 1 through 13; choose one permitted in your region and supported by the router.

Default: 1

This command is available when ESP-NOW is the node's primary mesh radio. The setting is persisted. A set reply reports that reboot is required; until reboot, the running ESP-NOW radio remains on its previous channel. On builds that also provide ordinary WiFi, its station and setup AP share that channel.

After reboot, ESP-NOW, the setup AP, and the infrastructure-WiFi station use the selected channel. Every primary ESP-NOW node that must communicate with this node, plus the configured router's 2.4 GHz radio, must use the same fixed channel. WiFi power saving does not allow the transports to use different channels. On an ESP32 Full build with primary ESP-NOW, wifi.powersave max is unavailable because maximum modem sleep can miss ESP-NOW broadcasts; use min for coexistence. The firmware keeps the primary ESP-NOW receiver awake while still using the min WiFi/Bluetooth coexistence policy.

espnow.channel is the channel of the primary ESP-NOW mesh transport. It is separate from bridge.channel, which configures only an ESP-NOW bridge on a firmware role whose primary mesh radio is LoRa.

The browser portal is not compiled into the two 4 MB LilyGo_TLora_V2_1_1_6_*_observer_mqtt targets because it does not fit while retaining the two app slots required for LoRa OTA. Their normal CLI settings remain available.

Erase/Factory Reset

Usage: - erase

Serial Only: Yes

Warning: This is destructive!

Neighbors (Repeater Only)

List nearby neighbors

Usage: - neighbors

Note: The output of this command is limited to the 8 most recent adverts.

Note: Each line is encoded as {pubkey-prefix}:{timestamp}:{snr*4}

Remove a neighbor

Usage: - neighbor.remove <pubkey_prefix>

Parameters: - pubkey_prefix: The public key of the node to remove from the neighbors list

Discover zero hop neighbors

Usage: - discover.neighbors

This command is available in every repeater build profile, including portable MQTT, standard, logging, OTA, unified FULL, and FULL logging-fallback artifacts. It does not require MQTT or PSRAM.

Discover neighbor scopes (MQTT observer, neighbors feature)

Refreshes the zero-hop neighbor table, then queries each neighbor for its region scopes and publishes the assembled table to the MQTT neighbors topic once.

Usage: - discover.scopes

Note: Requires an MQTT observer build with the neighbors feature compiled in (all PSRAM boards, plus non-PSRAM boards built with MQTT_NEIGHBORS_WITHOUT_PSRAM). Elsewhere it replies Err - neighbors not enabled in this build. If a discover.neighbors refresh is already in flight, the scope pass is queued behind it.

Statistics

Clear Stats

Usage: clear stats

System Stats - Battery, Uptime, Queue Length and Debug Flags

Usage: - stats-core

Serial Only: Yes

Radio Stats - Noise floor, Last RSSI/SNR, Airtime, Receive errors

Usage: stats-radio

Serial Only: Yes

Packet stats - Packet counters: Received, Sent

Usage: stats-packets

Serial Only: Yes

Read repeater and room-server telemetry history

Repeater and room-server firmware record one UTC-aligned sample every 30 minutes. Temperature and battery voltage retain 336 samples (seven rolling days). Each detected INA219, INA226, INA260, or INA3221 voltage channel retains 192 samples (four rolling days). GPS-capable builds retain three GPS days by default; repeaters request a seven-day default at startup. Builds without a GPS provider omit the GPS history commands to conserve flash. All history and any runtime retention change are held in RAM and reset after a reboot.

The feature is omitted from flash-constrained STM32 repeater and room images.

Usage:

get telemetry.temp [page]
get telemetry.volt [page]
get telemetry.volt.i2c [channel [page]]
get telemetry.gps [page]
set telemetry.gps <days>
get telemetry.tx
set telemetry.tx <off|direct|path>
set telemetry.tx schedule <off|1-30d>
send telemetry.tx now

Parameters:

page: Page 1 is always newest. Temperature and voltage pages each hold 24 hours and accept 1-7. GPS pages each hold 12 hours and accept 1 through twice the current GPS retention in days. Omitting the page selects page 1.
channel: Cayenne LPP channel assigned to an external voltage monitor. get telemetry.volt.i2c lists channels that have at least one non-zero sample. Supplying a channel returns 48 points (24 hours) per page; pages 1-4 cover all four days. A detected input whose complete retained history is zero is treated as disconnected and is omitted until it reports a non-zero voltage. An INA3221 contributes three consecutive entries, in hardware-input order. If it is the only detected external sensor these are normally LPP channels 2, 3, and 4; always use the no-argument command as the authoritative list because earlier detected sensors shift the LPP numbers.
days: Requested GPS retention from 1 through 30 days. Retention above three days uses heap memory. The allocator reduces the requested value as needed to leave at least 2048 bytes free and replies with the days and pages actually available. For example, a request can return OK - telemetry.gps days=18 pages=36 requested=30.
direct: Send the binary temperature and voltage snapshots zero-hop to a neighboring MQTT observer.
path: A comma-separated direct route using the same one-, two-, or three-byte hop hashes accepted by set outpath.
schedule: Automatic interval in whole days. The default is 2d; off retains the configured direct path for manual test sends.

Local serial and remote administrator CLI sessions can read the history on both roles. Collection uses the MCU temperature, battery voltage, external I2C voltage monitors, and an already-valid onboard GPS fix. It does not wake GPS, so an off, sleeping, or unfixed GPS produces a missing location sample without changing its power-saving schedule.

External voltage history allocates 360 bytes for each detected monitor channel (1,080 bytes for all three INA3221 inputs). The allocation reserves all detected inputs so a sensor connected later can start recording, but all-zero inputs are omitted from command replies and LoRa transmission.

Replies contain > followed by standard padded Base64. After decoding, all multi-byte integers are little-endian. Packed fields are written most significant bit first, oldest sample first.

Use the browser-based Telemetry history decoder to turn a reply into a timestamped table or downloadable CSV without uploading the data.

telemetry.tx is disabled by default. Its schedule and direct path are stored across reboots. Configuring direct or a routed path enables the default 2d schedule; set telemetry.tx schedule changes it from one through 30 days or turns it off. An automatic run waits until 165 half-hour positions are available, then sends one maximum-size temperature packet, one maximum-size battery-voltage packet, and up to three IVB1 packets for every populated I2C voltage channel. GPS is never included in this raw transmission. The history remains boot-local, so the first scheduled run after a reboot needs about 82.5 hours to fill. On the default two-day interval, each 82.5-hour temperature or battery packet overlaps its predecessor by 34.5 hours. Packets are paced two seconds apart. A queue failure is retried after 30 minutes only for the packet that did not queue; successfully queued packets are not duplicated.

send telemetry.tx now is an administrator-only test action. It queues temperature and battery-voltage snapshots plus the available I2C voltage chunks over the configured path. It uses all currently available base positions up to 165 and all available I2C positions up to 192 per populated channel. It works while the schedule is off and does not move the next scheduled send time. RAW_CUSTOM direct packets do not enter the normal encrypted direct-message retry mechanism.

Full snapshots are 184-byte RAW_CUSTOM payloads. Manual tests can be shorter while history fills. Both formats are binary, not Base64 and not encrypted:

Bytes	Meaning
`0`-`3`	ASCII magic `TTB1` for temperature or `TVB1` for voltage
`4`-`11`	First eight bytes of the repeater public key
`12`-`15`	First sample UTC epoch, unsigned 32-bit little-endian
`16`-`17`	Sample interval in minutes, unsigned 16-bit little-endian (`30`)
`18`	Sample count (`1`-`165`)
`19` onward	Oldest-to-newest encoded samples for the selected series

Temperature codes reserve 0 for no reading, 1 for below -50 C, and 2 for above +77 C. Codes 3 through 130 represent exact whole degrees from -50 C through +77 C; decode them as code - 53. Voltage codes use the same encoding as the paged voltage payload documented below.

External voltage snapshots use a separate packed layout. A full four-day channel takes three 140-byte IVB1 payloads of 64 points each:

Bytes	Meaning
`0`-`3`	ASCII magic `IVB1`
`4`-`11`	First eight bytes of the source public key
`12`-`15`	First sample UTC epoch, unsigned 32-bit little-endian
`16`-`17`	Sample interval in minutes, unsigned 16-bit little-endian (`30`)
`18`	Cayenne LPP voltage channel
`19`	Sample count (`1`-`64`)
`20` onward	Oldest-to-newest packed 15-bit voltage codes

Code 0 means missing or disconnected. Codes 1-32767 represent 0.02 V through 655.34 V in 0.02 V steps; decode millivolts as code * 20.

Match bytes 4-11 to the first 16 hex characters of the repeater public key shown by its advert or get public.key. This compact identifier is useful for association but is not authenticated and can be spoofed. An MQTT observer can upload the received raw packet to LetsMesh Analyzer /packets; its packet hex contains the direct-route header and path followed by this payload.

Temperature payload (0x11, 61 bytes):

Bytes	Meaning
`0`	Format/type `0x11`
`1`-`4`	First sample UTC epoch, unsigned 32-bit
`5`	Sample interval in minutes (`30`)
`6`	Sample count (`48`)
`7`-`18`	48 packed 2-bit temperature statuses
`19`-`60`	48 packed 7-bit temperatures

Temperature status codes are 0 none, 1 value, 2 below range, and 3 above range. For status 1, the 7-bit temperature is an exact whole-degree integer from -50 C through +77 C; decode it as code - 50. Low values use code 0, and high values use code 127. The separate status map is required because 7 bits contain exactly 128 codes, leaving no spare code for none, low, or high when the complete range is represented at 1 C resolution. No fractional temperature is stored or transmitted.

Voltage payload (0x12, 55 bytes):

Bytes	Meaning
`0`	Format/type `0x12`
`1`-`4`	First sample UTC epoch, unsigned 32-bit
`5`	Sample interval in minutes (`30`)
`6`	Sample count (`48`)
`7`-`54`	48 8-bit voltage codes

Voltage codes reserve 0 for no reading, 1 for below 1.88 V, and 255 for above 4.40 V. Codes 2-254 represent 1.88 V through 4.40 V in 0.01 V steps; decode millivolts as 1880 + (code - 2) * 10.

External I2C voltage payload (0x14, 98 bytes):

Bytes	Meaning
`0`	Format/type `0x14`
`1`-`4`	First sample UTC epoch, unsigned 32-bit
`5`	Sample interval in minutes (`30`)
`6`	Sample count (`48`)
`7`	Cayenne LPP voltage channel
`8`-`97`	48 packed 15-bit voltage codes

The codes have the same 0.02 V through 655.34 V meaning as IVB1.

GPS payload (0x13, 101 bytes):

Bytes	Meaning
`0`	Format/type `0x13`
`1`-`4`	First sample UTC epoch, unsigned 32-bit
`5`	Sample interval in minutes (`30`)
`6`	Sample count (`24`)
`7`-`10`	Page origin latitude in signed degrees times `10^7`
`11`-`14`	Page origin longitude in signed degrees times `10^7`
`15`	Origin sample index, or `255` when the page has no GPS fix
`16`	Flags; bit 0 means at least one differential was clipped
`17`-`100`	24 records: signed 14-bit north then signed 14-bit east

GPS differentials use signed 14-bit two's-complement values at 10-meter resolution and are applied to the preceding decoded valid point. The origin sample begins at the header coordinates. A no-fix slot encodes 0,0 and does not advance the reference; a stationary valid fix also quantizes to 0,0. When a page has no fixes, its origin is 0,0, origin index is 255, and all differentials are 0,0. Values outside -8192 through 8191 are clipped and set flag bit 0.

Set Companion display rotation

SSD1306 Full Companion builds support a persisted runtime orientation:

get display.rotation
set display.rotation 0
set display.rotation 90
set display.rotation 180
set display.rotation 270

The values are clockwise degrees. 0 clears the override and restores the board's compiled default. Unsupported display drivers return an error.

Set MQTT observer display timeout and flip

MQTT observer builds with a display support a persisted inactivity timeout:

get display.timeout
set display.timeout 0
set display.timeout 60

The value is seconds. 0 keeps the display on; 1 through 3600 blanks it after that much inactivity. The default is 60. A change applies immediately and restarts the countdown. On the Heltec V4 R8 Expansion Kit V2 observer, a panel tap or USER-button click can also blank or wake the display.

Supported observer displays, including the R8 OLED and ST7789 panels, can also be turned 180 degrees relative to their compiled orientation:

get display.flip
set display.flip off
set display.flip on

0 and 1 are accepted aliases for off and on. This is intentionally different from Full Companion display.rotation: observer display.flip is a relative 180-degree mounting choice and cannot switch between portrait and landscape. The value is harmless on an observer display driver that does not support flipping.

Both settings survive reboot and firmware updates that preserve the filesystem; erasing flash restores the 60/off defaults. The boot log reports the saved flip state on display-enabled observer builds.

Logging

Builds compiled with MESH_PACKET_LOGGING emit one RAW: line for every received radio frame. Serial output uses backpressure: if a connected host temporarily stops reading, packet processing waits for USB transmit space instead of silently omitting the record. A disconnected host cannot retain an unbounded capture, so logging deployments should keep the reader attached and draining the serial port.

Every valid received frame also emits the decoded RX summary, including signal, timing, hash, type, route, and payload information. Frames that cannot be decoded still emit their RAW: line. Transmitted packets emit the decoded TX summary.

Ordinary non-OTA artifacts compile packet logging into the canonical image and control its live USB output at runtime; no separate -logging- artifact is emitted. Use the separately named -ota- artifact when LoRa OTA is required. A -full-usb-wifi-ota- artifact combines USB packet logging, direct WiFi MQTT, LoRa OTA, and the expanded FULL feature set. A -full-logging-ota- artifact is emitted only when that hardware/role has no matching WiFi MQTT environment.

Control live USB logging

Usage:

get usb.logging
set usb.logging on
set usb.logging off
set usb.logging on reboot
set usb.logging off reboot

These commands are compiled into ordinary USB-loggable artifacts and every Full Companion. They control live USB debug and packet output. CommonCLI roles save the setting in /com_prefs, so it survives reboot; their first boot defaults to on. Full Companion and ordinary USB Companion start off on a fresh installation so diagnostics cannot corrupt framed traffic.

On Full Companion these lines belong to its text terminal, not meshcli's Binary get/set parameter namespace. Open interface 00, send +++MESHCORE-TERM-START, and then issue the command. Running meshcli ... get usb.logging directly can instead return Unknown var usb.logging because that is a different protocol operation.

nRF52 Full Companion defaults logging to off and enumerates only USB interface 00, which carries Companion, terminal, and serial mOTA traffic. Enabling logging adds interface 02, its dedicated plaintext logging port, on the next boot. Disabling it removes interface 02 on the next boot. A command without the optional reboot argument saves the choice and reports that a reboot is required when the USB interface count must change. The exact set usb.logging on reboot and set usb.logging off reboot forms save the choice, send their reply, and reboot one second later only when needed.

On every ESP32 Full Companion, enter the USB text terminal and use set usb.logging on to turn that TTY into a logging-repeater-style plaintext stream. Framed Binary Companion is unavailable on USB while logging is on. The TTY remains an input-capable CLI, so set usb.logging off works on the same TTY. After its reply, logging stops and the TTY remains in the normal ASCII terminal, just as it does after a fresh Full installation. Send +++MESHCORE-TERM-STOP, or let a Companion app send a valid framed probe, to switch it to Binary Companion. No reboot is needed because the USB interface count does not change.

Turning USB logging off does not disable CLI replies. nRF52 keeps Companion frames active on interface 00; ESP32 resumes the ordinary ASCII/Binary switcher after the logging terminal turns logging off. This setting does not change the node-storage capture controlled by log start and log stop.

Unified non-Companion ESP32 FULL USB+WiFi observer builds add one saved selector for both output paths. Full Companion builds control USB diagnostics with usb.logging instead; their text-command parser does not expose logging.output:

get logging.output
set logging.output off
set logging.output usb
set logging.output wifi
set logging.output both

usb emits RAW: packets for a USB-connected service such as meshcoretomqtt. wifi enables the direct MQTT bridge configured by the wifi.* and mqtt.* commands. both intentionally duplicates the radio stream to both consumers; do not point both consumers at the same broker unless the downstream setup deduplicates messages. Fresh unified FULL installs start in both mode.

Begin capture of rx log to node storage

Usage: log start

End capture of rx log to node storage

Usage: log stop

Erase captured log

Usage: log erase

Print the captured log to the serial terminal

Usage: log

Serial Only: Yes

Info

Get the Version

Usage: ver

On Full Companion, the Binary device-info frame retains its legacy fixed-width version field. Use version in the text terminal, or send version through Binary protocol command 0x42 (CMD_RUN_CLI_COMMAND), to read the complete untruncated firmware string together with protocol and build date.

Show the hardware name

Usage: board

Show the storage layout

Usage: get storage.layout

Reports a compact, read-only summary of the storage compiled into the running firmware:

ESP32 reports the detected internal flash size and the live partition table. Partition addresses after @ are hexadecimal, sizes after + are KiB, and * marks the running application. ... means later entries did not fit in the CLI reply.
nRF52 reports the physical internal flash size, linked application range, InternalFS range, and any configured external store. Raw QSPI OTA storage includes its detected size and JEDEC ID; SD storage includes total, used, and free space.
RP2040 and STM32 report their fixed internal flash and filesystem geometry.

The command does not write, format, or resize storage. A raw-QSPI or SD build may briefly probe, wake, or mount its configured external storage to read its capacity. Remote use follows the existing administrator-command permissions.

Configuration

Radio

View or change this node's radio parameters

Usage: - get radio - set radio <freq>,<bw>,<sf>,<cr>

Parameters: - freq: Frequency in MHz - bw: Bandwidth in kHz. Most targets allow 7.8, 10.4, 15.6, 20.8, 31.25, 41.7, 62.5, 125, 250, 500. LR1110 targets allow 62.5, 125, 250, 500. - sf: Spreading factor (5-12) - cr: Coding rate (5-8)

Set by build flag: LORA_FREQ, LORA_BW, LORA_SF, LORA_CR

Default: 869.525,250,11,5

Note: Requires reboot to apply. If RXPS is enabled and the saved minimum level/preamble cannot safely cover the new radio timing, the command reply reports the effective level and preamble, or RXPS continuous-fast when no level through 10 is safe. Slower settings recalculate from the saved RXPS minimum and return to it exactly when it is safe.

View or change this node's transmit power

Usage: - get tx - set tx <dbm>

Parameters: - dbm: Requested radio-chip power in dBm. The valid range depends on the radio family, selected PA path, and any board-specific external-PA limit.

Set by build flag: LORA_TX_POWER

Default: Varies by board

Notes: This setting only controls the power level of the LoRa chip. Some nodes have an additional power amplifier stage which increases the total output. Refer to the node's manual for the correct setting to use. Setting a value too high may violate the laws in your country.

The command strictly rejects malformed values and saves the new preference only after the active radio driver accepts it. On LR2021, the chip range is -9 to 22 dBm below 1500 MHz and -19 to 12 dBm above 1500 MHz. A lower board-specific external-PA limit still takes precedence. A saved profile is clamped to the applicable limit when its frequency changes; temporary radio settings use a safe effective power without replacing the saved preference.

Change the radio parameters for a set duration

Usage: - tempradio <freq>,<bw>,<sf>,<cr>,<timeout_mins> - normalradio

Parameters: - freq: Frequency in MHz (150-2500) - bw: Bandwidth in kHz (same allowed values as set radio) - sf: Spreading factor (5-12) - cr: Coding rate (5-8) - timeout_mins: Duration in minutes (must be > 0)

Notes: - tempradio is not saved to preferences and clears on reboot. - normalradio cancels pending and active temporary-radio windows, then restores the saved radio tuple after its CLI reply has drained on the current channel. Permanent radioat entries are not removed.

Schedule radio parameter changes

Usage: - set radioat <freq>,<bw>,<sf>,<cr>,<start_time> - get radioat [n|all] - del radioat [n|all] - set tempradioat <freq>,<bw>,<sf>,<cr>,<start_time>,<end_time> - get tempradioat [n|all] - del tempradioat [n|all]

Parameters: - freq: Frequency in MHz (150-2500) - bw: Bandwidth in kHz (same allowed values as set radio) - sf: Spreading factor (5-12) - cr: Coding rate (5-8) - start_time: Unix epoch time when the setting starts - end_time: Unix epoch time when a temporary setting reverts - n: Scheduled entry number from get radioat or get tempradioat

Notes: - get radioat and get tempradioat list all entries when n is omitted. - del radioat and del tempradioat delete all entries when n is omitted. - Each queue supports 3 entries. Scheduled entries are not saved across reboot. - radioat saves the new radio preferences when it fires. tempradioat applies temporarily, then reverts to the saved radio preferences. - A successful scheduling reply notes any RXPS effective-level/preamble change required by the scheduled tuple. RXPS continuous-fast means the tuple is accepted but will use continuous receive because no safe duty-cycle level is available. Returning to slower settings recalculates from the saved RXPS minimum.

On SX1262+TCXO boards, the fast-setting boundaries are:

SF	BW (kHz)	Wire preamble	Effective timing preamble	Minimum effective RXPS level	RX / sleep
7	500	32	32	7	2731 / 6101 us
6	250	32	32	7	2731 / 6101 us
5	125	32	32	7	2731 / 6101 us
5	250	64	64	8	1252 / 6424 us
6	500	64	64	8	1252 / 6424 us
5	500	128	128	8	626 / 6398 us
5	62.5	32	16	10	4096 / 6272 us

SF7/BW500, SF6/BW250, and SF5/BW125 are timing-equivalent because each has a 256 us LoRa symbol. SF5/BW250 and SF6/BW500 have 128 us symbols; both need 64 wire symbols to cover the 6 ms transition. SF5/BW500 has 64 us symbols and needs 128.

The wire preamble is a firmware property, not a radio.rxps preference. The effective preamble is the conservative length RXPS uses for its timing window, which is why SF5/BW62.5 can retain a saved 16-symbol assumption while the radio transmits 32. Starting with v1.17.1.5, firmware tries 32 first at SF5-SF8, then 64 and 128 only when each shorter length cannot enable RXPS at any level. It uses 16 at SF9-SF12. Every packet on a tuple, including retries, uses that tuple's selected length.

Cascade/USA builds on a Heltec V4 and WisMesh Tag (RAK4631 target) passed 16/16 packets in each direction at both SF5/BW250/64 and SF5/BW500/128, CR5, 909.950 MHz. A 64- or 128-symbol timing window is safe only when every possible sender to the RXPS receiver follows the v1.17.1.5-or-newer adaptive-preamble contract; a shorter legacy sender would create a receive gap. LoRa OTA automation treats that version as the wire-format capability boundary.

View or change this node's frequency

Usage: - get freq - set freq <frequency>

Parameters: - frequency: Frequency in MHz

Default: 869.525

Note: Requires reboot to apply Serial Only: set freq <frequency>

View or change this node's rx boosted gain mode (SX12xx and LR1110, v1.14.1+)

Usage: - get radio.rxgain - set radio.rxgain <state>

Parameters: - state: on|off

Default: Target-specific. Most SX1262 and LR1110 targets default to on; Station G2/G3 targets default to off.

Notes: - The saved setting is applied immediately and persists across reboots. - Periodic AGC resets restore the saved runtime setting; they do not replace it with the target's compile-time default. - Existing installations retain their previously saved value after an upgrade.

View or change RX duty-cycle power saving

Usage: - get radio.rxps - get radio.rxps.config - get radio.rxps.rfrx_disabled - get rxps.wd - set radio.rxps.rfrx_disabled <state> - set radio.rxps off - set radio.rxps on - set radio.rxps conservative - set radio.rxps balanced - set radio.rxps <1-10> - set radio.rxps level <1-10> - set radio.rxps level <1-10> preamble <16|32> - set radio.rxps <rx_us> <sleep_us>

Parameters: - rx_us, sleep_us: Receive and sleep durations in microseconds (1000-30000000). - level: A power-saving level from 1 (most conservative) to 10 (least power saving). - preamble: RXPS timing assumption in symbols; 16 or 32. This does not change the radio's actual transmitted preamble. - state: on or off.

Notes: - get rxps.wd reports the RXPS watchdog's soft and hard recovery counts. - get radio.rxps.config adds the persisted level and preamble assumption to the on/off and timing values. Deployment tools use it to restore a level-based preference without converting it to fixed manual timings. - radio.rxps.rfrx_disabled is a runtime-only diagnostic setting and resets to off after reboot. - Its default off state keeps the host-controlled SX1262 receive path enabled during RX duty-cycle mode. Setting it to on reproduces the old missing-RF_RX behavior and can significantly reduce receive sensitivity, making remote commands harder to receive. - radio.rxps.rfrx_disabled is supported only on SX1262 targets with a host-controlled RX enable pin. - on and conservative select level 1 with a 16-symbol preamble; balanced selects level 5 with a 16-symbol preamble. - Fresh Cascade-profile builds start with RXPS on at level 8 and a 16-symbol preamble. Saved operator settings still take precedence after an upgrade. - Level-based settings automatically recalculate their timings when the spreading factor or bandwidth changes. Custom <rx_us> <sleep_us> timings remain fixed. - get radio.rxps keeps the legacy on/off, RX, and sleep reply. The new get radio.rxps.config reply adds the saved level and preamble assumption. Radio-change replies and the Full Companion terminal status report any effective level/preamble adjustment. Effective preamble 64 or 128 appears only when the active tuple's physical wire preamble has that length. - The selected mode is applied immediately, persisted, and restored after reboot.

View or change the LoRa FEM receive-path gain state on supported boards

Usage: - get radio.fem.rxgain - set radio.fem.rxgain <state>

Parameters: - state: on|off

Notes: - This controls the external LoRa FEM receive-path LNA where the board supports it. - This is separate from radio.rxgain, which controls the radio chip receive gain mode.

View or change the LoRa FEM transmit-path gain state on supported boards

Usage: - get radio.fem.txgain - set radio.fem.txgain <state>

Parameters: - state: on|off

Notes: - This controls a software-selectable external LoRa FEM transmit gain where the board supports it. - On Station G3, remove the PA PL1 jumper to allow software control. on selects PA PL1 high/short and off selects PA PL1 low/open. The PA PL2 hardware jumper determines whether this switches between power levels 1/3 or 2/4. - Select an operating level and SX1262 transmit power that comply with local RF limits and the Station G3 power-supply requirements. - The setting is saved immediately, but on Station G3 the level is applied to the hardware at the start of the next transmit, so that the PA supply rail is never re-targeted while the PA is being driven. get reports the configured state, which may lead the hardware until the node next transmits.

System

View or change this node's name

Usage: - get name - set name <name>

Parameters: - name: Node name

Set by build flag: ADVERT_NAME

Default: Varies by board

Note: Advertised names can use up to 23 bytes when location is included and 31 bytes otherwise. Emoji and Unicode characters may take more than one byte. Names that exceed the available advert space are truncated at a valid UTF-8 code point boundary.

View or change the independent Bluetooth name (Companion)

Usage:

get bluetooth.name
set bluetooth.name <name|default>

get ble.name and set ble.name ... are accepted aliases. This command is specific to Companion firmware. The default is MeshCore-<advert name>; default (or clear) removes a custom override. Names are limited to 31 valid UTF-8 bytes without control characters and take effect after reboot.

A binary Companion client should carry the same text in command 0x42 (CMD_RUN_CLI_COMMAND), which works over USB, BLE, or TCP without entering USB terminal mode. See Companion radio binary protocol for the frame and reply format.

View or change this node's latitude

Usage: - get lat - set lat <degrees>

Set by build flag: ADVERT_LAT

Default: 0

Parameters: - degrees: Latitude in degrees

View or change this node's longitude

Usage: - get lon - set lon <degrees>

Set by build flag: ADVERT_LON

Default: 0

Parameters: - degrees: Longitude in degrees

View or change this node's identity (Private Key)

Usage: - get prv.key - set prv.key <private_key>

Parameters: - private_key: Private key in hex format (64 hex characters)

Serial Only: - get prv.key: Yes - set prv.key: No

Note: Requires reboot to take effect after setting

Change this node's admin password

Usage: - password <new_password>

Parameters: - new_password: New admin password

Set by build flag: ADMIN_PASSWORD

Default: password

Note: Command reply echoes the updated password for confirmation.

Note: Any node using this password will be added to the admin ACL list.

View or change this node's guest password

Usage: - get guest.password - set guest.password <password>

Parameters: - password: Guest password

Set by build flag: ROOM_PASSWORD (Room Server only)

Default: <blank>

View or change this node's owner info

Usage: - get owner.info - set owner.info <text>

Parameters: - text: Owner information text

Default: <blank>

Note: | characters are translated to newlines

Note: Requires firmware 1.12+

Fine-tune the battery reading

Usage: - get adc.multiplier - set adc.multiplier <value>

Parameters: - value: ADC multiplier (0.0-10.0)

Default: 0.0 (value defined by board)

Note: Returns "Error: unsupported by this board" if hardware doesn't support it

Send a repeater flood text

Usage: - send text.flood <message>

Parameters: - message: Text to send to the shared #repeaters flood channel, prefixed with this node's name. Any : in the node name is sent as ; so the prefix delimiter stays unambiguous.

Example:

send text.flood checking ridge link

View or change battery alert state

Usage: - get battery.alert - get battery.alert.region - set battery.alert on [region] - set battery.alert off

Parameters: - region: Optional named region scope. When omitted, the repeater selects the single deepest (most narrow) named region in the configured hierarchy. If multiple regions tie for deepest, specify one explicitly.

Defaults: - battery.alert: off - battery.alert.region: <unset>

Notes: - Enabling fails until at least one usable named region is defined. Alerts are never sent as unscoped floods. If the selected region is later removed, alerts stop until battery alerts are enabled again with a valid region. - Region hierarchy edits are not persistent until region save is run. After region def west pnw wa w-wa sea, run region save before enabling the alert if the hierarchy must survive a reboot. - A region must have a usable transport key. Public named regions derive one automatically; a private region without an available key is rejected. - The first alert is suppressed until the repeater has been up for at least 30 minutes. After that, the repeater checks every 30 minutes and sends low-battery warnings to the #repeaters channel in the selected region. - Once an alert finishes transmitting, another battery alert is suppressed for at least 12 hours. A queue rejection, stale-queue drop, or radio send failure does not start the cooldown. Battery recovery or toggling alerts off and back on does not bypass a completed alert's cooldown during the same boot. - With region def west pnw wa w-wa sea, set battery.alert on selects sea; set battery.alert on w-wa overrides that default. - get battery.alert.region returns the selected scope, for example > sea. - The battery check never requests a wake earlier than its 30-minute deadline. If the normal loop is already awake when that deadline has elapsed, the check is effectively free of an additional wake. Time in light/event sleep counts toward the startup delay, and a pending alert keeps the repeater awake until the packet is handled.

View or change battery alert thresholds

Usage: - get battery.alert.low - set battery.alert.low <1-100> - get battery.alert.critical - set battery.alert.critical <0-99>

Defaults: - battery.alert.low: 20 - battery.alert.critical: 10

Note: The low threshold must be greater than the critical threshold. Alerts at or below the critical threshold use CRITICAL BATTERY in the message; both severities use the same 12-hour resend cooldown.

Enable or disable the RX inactivity watchdog (Repeater Only)

Usage: - get rx.watchdog - set rx.watchdog on - set rx.watchdog off

Default: off

Notes: - When enabled, the first check is due after a full 12-hour observation window. The repeater then checks roughly every 12 hours and reboots if it has not successfully received a radio packet during the preceding 12 hours. - Enabling the watchdog starts a new 12-hour observation window. Rebooting also starts a new window, so a quiet mesh can reboot no more often than once every 12 hours. - The check reuses the radio driver's existing last-receive timestamp. It does not poll, sample, or wake the radio or CPU. A due check waits for the next normal loop/wake, so its actual cadence can drift around the 12-hour target. With RX power saving enabled, packets received during normal listening windows count as activity; the watchdog does not alter the RX/sleep timing.

Enable or disable the nRF52 system watchdog

Usage: - get system.watchdog - set system.watchdog on - set system.watchdog off

Default: on

Notes: - This nRF52-only hardware watchdog resets the device if the application loop stops for 60 seconds, including an indefinite SoftDevice flash-write wait. - Enabling takes effect without a reboot. - The nRF52 hardware cannot stop a watchdog after it has started. Disabling is persisted immediately, then the current firmware stops feeding it so the board performs one watchdog restart within 60 seconds. It remains off after that restart. - This setting is nRF52-only. The SoftDevice flash deadlock does not apply to ESP32, whose existing watchdog behavior is unchanged.

Estimate and correct infrastructure-node time after startup

Usage: - get clock.sync - get clock.sync.status - get clock.sync.status.table - get clock.sync.status.<1-16> - get clock.sync.mesh - set clock.sync.mesh <on|off> - get clock.sync.mesh.edge - set clock.sync.mesh.edge <on|off> - clock.sync.mesh now - get clock.sync.internet - set clock.sync.internet <on|off> - get clock.sync.drift - set clock.sync.drift <30-86400> - get clock.sync.samples - set clock.sync.samples <3-16>

Defaults: - clock.sync.mesh: on for all repeater, sensor, and room-server builds - clock.sync.mesh.edge: on - clock.sync.internet: off - clock.sync.drift: 600 seconds (10 minutes) - clock.sync.samples: 9

When either source is enabled, the node makes its first clock-bootstrap attempt after 30 minutes of uptime, or immediately when the configured number of fresh evidence sources has been collected, whichever comes first. A successful estimate changes the RTC only when the absolute difference is greater than clock.sync.drift; correction can move the clock forward or backward. A valid estimate within the threshold counts as a successful sync without changing the clock. Seven days after each successful estimate, the node evaluates time again; the seven-day deadline therefore starts from the last successful estimate rather than from boot. This is a lazy uptime deadline: the check runs on the first normal loop/wake after it becomes due and does not wake the device by itself. If no source or consensus is available, the node retries every 30 minutes, and newly collected evidence triggers another immediate evaluation once the configured source count is present. Every reboot starts with the initial bootstrap attempt. An existing saved setting always overrides the platform default.

clock.sync.mesh now bypasses the startup/seven-day deadline and queues a LoRa-only consensus evaluation on the next normal loop, even when the internet source is also enabled. It uses any currently fresh samples without clearing the 16-slot table. If there is not yet enough evidence, mesh collection remains open and the next attempt follows the normal 30-minute retry. The command requires clock.sync.mesh to be on and does not bypass CLI, GPS, or NTP suppression; it also retains the normal quorum, timestamp-validity, and drift checks. The separate clock command only displays the current RTC and does not request a synchronization attempt.

clock.sync.mesh collects signature-verified advert timestamps and MAC-valid, decrypted Public-channel plain-text timestamps. In normal path mode, collection occurs only after the packet passes every forwarding filter. Sources are deduplicated by advert public key or case-insensitive Public-channel display name. Every fresh sample must also have a different full received path; all direct, zero-hop receptions count as the same empty path. This prevents repeated packets or multiple names arriving over one route from increasing the vote count.

For a node at the edge of the network where every packet arrives through one relay path, set clock.sync.mesh.edge on changes the evidence requirement from distinct receive paths to distinct sources. Signature-verified adverts are deduplicated by public key, and Public-channel timestamps are deduplicated by case-insensitive display name. Repeated packets from one source still count once. Edge mode observes this verified evidence on the receive path, independently of the forwarding decision, so repeat off and forwarding filters do not prevent clock collection. Other packet types are observed normally but cannot be clock evidence because they do not provide a suitable authenticated Unix timestamp. Changing edge mode clears the in-memory sample table so evidence collected under the other policy is not reused. The setting is persistent and defaults on.

At least the configured number of distinct fresh evidence sources (nine by default) and a strict majority of all fresh samples must fall within ten minutes of the median. In normal mode each source must use a distinct receive path. In edge mode signed adverts are distinct by public key and Public-channel messages are distinct by display name, but all may use the same receive path. The effective quorum is therefore the larger of clock.sync.samples and half the fresh sample count plus one. For example, a 9-vs-7 split can succeed but an 8-vs-8 split cannot. The median is used. clock.sync.samples accepts 3 through 16; samples older than two hours are ignored. Status reports mode=paths or mode=edge and labels the collected evidence as paths or sources. It reports reason=need-more-paths or reason=need-more-sources when fewer than the configured number exist, and reason=no-consensus when enough evidence exists but the effective quorum does not agree. Mesh collection begins immediately after boot. Following a successful estimate, it resumes two hours before the next seven-day deadline so only evidence that can still be fresh at evaluation time is processed.

get clock.sync.status reports whether the clock was set and a reason when it was not. Common reasons include waiting-deadline, need-more-sources, need-more-paths, no-consensus, within-drift, mesh-off, and suppression by CLI, GPS, or internet time. It also reports whether collection is active, the fresh evidence count, the number of occupied table slots, and the next evaluation deadline.

get clock.sync.status.table shows the active sample table in compact form. Each item is slot:type:id-prefix:age, where type A is a signed advert and type P is a Public-channel message. A trailing ! marks a stale sample. If the compact reply is truncated, query any slot with get clock.sync.status.<1-16>. The detail view reports the full source and path hashes, age-adjusted epoch, difference from the local clock, and freshness.

A timestamp is eligible for a clock-sync sample only when it falls between the UTC build epoch embedded by build.sh and that time plus ten calendar years. Direct developer builds that bypass build.sh fall back to the compiler timestamp. Validation happens before a slot is selected or written, so an advert or Public-channel timestamp outside that window is not recorded as a clock sample.

Before voting, the node advances each packet timestamp by an estimated transit time. The estimate sums the radio airtime at the original packet length and at each progressively longer relay length, plus the expected midpoint of the random flood-forward delay at every prior hop. The normal elapsed time since the radio recorded local receipt is then added when consensus is evaluated, so local signature/decryption/filter processing time is included too. This is better than using hop count alone because LoRa airtime changes with packet length and radio settings. Transit compensation is capped at the ten-minute consensus window. It cannot know sender queueing, channel contention, or a remote relay's non-matching txdelay, so the consensus window and median still absorb residual error.

If a clock sync or time <epoch> CLI command successfully sets the clock, or a GPS provider writes a valid GPS time, LoRa-derived clock collection and correction are suppressed for the rest of that boot. Turning clock.sync.mesh off and back on does not clear this safety latch; only a reboot does. get clock.sync.mesh and get clock.sync.status report whether CLI or GPS time caused the suppression. On a WiFi MQTT build, a successful NTP sync is authoritative and also suppresses LoRa correction for the rest of that boot. Source selection starts fresh after a reboot, so LoRa remains the fallback when NTP cannot obtain internet time during that boot.

Public-channel display names are not authenticated and can be spoofed. Received path hashes are also truncated, unauthenticated routing hints; requiring unique paths prevents ordinary duplicate-route inflation but is not a cryptographic identity check. Signed adverts authenticate the advert contents but do not prove that the advertising node's own clock is correct. Mesh time is therefore a consensus estimate, not an authoritative time service. Edge mode intentionally gives up receive-path diversity. Public-channel display names can be spoofed, so one sender can claim multiple names and inflate the edge-mode vote count.

clock.sync.internet is available on WiFi MQTT repeater-observer builds. Its initial and seven-day queries run on the MQTT/WiFi task and are read-only until the repeater applies the configured drift test. Failed queries retry after 30 minutes. On other infrastructure-node builds, the preference can be stored but status reports that internet time is unavailable. MQTT builds retain their existing startup NTP behavior required for MQTT/TLS/JWT operation; this setting controls the additional delayed drift checks. Startup NTP is always preferred when it succeeds, regardless of this setting.

Sensor and room-server builds support mesh clock consensus and report clock.sync.internet as unavailable. Changing any clock.sync.* setting starts a new attempt for the current boot. Settings are persistent in /clock_sync; samples and schedule state are not.

A backward correction is intentionally allowed, but peers that already recorded a later timestamp from this node may temporarily reject its lower timestamps as replays until corrected time passes the previously observed value.

Example:

set clock.sync.drift 600
set clock.sync.samples 3
set clock.sync.mesh on
set clock.sync.mesh.edge on
clock.sync.mesh now
get clock.sync.status

View this node's public key

Usage: get public.key

View this node's firmware version

Usage: ver

View this node's configured role

Usage: get role

View or change this node's power saving flag

Usage: - powersaving - powersaving on - powersaving off - set powersaving on - set powersaving off

Parameters: - on: enable power saving - off: disable power saving

Default: on for fresh Cascade-profile builds and Companion firmware; off for other infrastructure profiles

Note: Infrastructure firmware enters sleep between radio transmissions. It refuses to enable power saving from the local serial console or while an active USB serial data connection is detected; USB power alone does not block power saving.

Companion firmware defaults this setting to on. Full Companion accepts the command from its local USB terminal and exposes the same setting in WebConfig. On ESP32, it lowers the CPU clock to 80 MHz, enables idle yielding, and enables the configured GPS duty cycle. USB and each active wireless transport remain available; SenseCAP Indicator Full keeps only its selected BLE or infrastructure-WiFi secondary transport active. powersaving off restores the board's normal CPU clock and disables the GPS duty cycle. This device setting is separate from LoRa RXPS (radio.rxps) and WiFi modem power save (wifi.powersave). Infrastructure WebConfig uses the set powersaving form; enabling it can put the node to sleep and make WiFi temporarily unavailable.

View or set the reboot interval (Repeater and room server)

Usage: - get reboot.interval - set reboot.interval <hours>

Parameters: - hours: 0-255; 0 disables scheduled reboots.

Default: 0 (disabled)

Control an exposed GPIO

Availability: ESP32 Repeater, Room Server, Bridge, and Sensor firmware. Companion firmware does not expose these commands. On nRF52, the commands are enabled only for Sensor builds on the Heltec T096, ProMicro, RAK3401, and RAK4631. GPIO expanders are not supported.

Usage:

get gpio - list the Arduino pin numbers this firmware build permits
get gpio state, get gpio states, or get gpio status - list every available pin currently controlled by the user (anything not in reset)
get gpio state <pin> - show one pin's state; states and status are accepted here too
get gpio <pin> - show on, off, or reset, plus any pending timed transition
set gpio <pin> on
set gpio <pin> off
set gpio <pin> reset
set gpio <pin> <on|off> <duration> <on|off|reset>

Examples:

set gpio 16 on 30 off - drive GPIO16 high for 30 seconds, then drive it low
set gpio 16 on 5ms off - drive GPIO16 high for 5 milliseconds, then drive it low
set gpio 16 off 5 reset - drive GPIO16 low for 5 seconds, then return it to high impedance

An integer duration has seconds as its default unit, so 5 means 5 seconds. Add ms for milliseconds (5ms); an explicit s suffix is also accepted (5s). The maximum duration is 24 hours (86,400 seconds or 86,400,000 milliseconds). on or off without a duration remains in that state until another command, reset, or reboot.

reset changes the pin to an input with no pull resistor (high impedance). It does not reboot the node. It also cancels any pending timer for that pin. A new timed command for the same pin cancels and replaces the previous timer. GPIOs begin in reset; states and timers are not saved and are lost on reboot.

The immediate reply confirms the applied state and any pending transition. When a timed transition finishes, a command issued over the authenticated remote CLI receives a second report such as > GPIO 16 timer complete: off. Retries of the same authenticated timed command are recognized and do not restart its countdown.

The pin number is the Arduino pin number used by that target (the normal GPIO number on ESP32 and the board's D/pin index on nRF52). The available-pin list is build-specific. Radio, flash/PSRAM, USB, serial console, display, GPS, I2C, buttons, LEDs, battery measurement, power control, bridge, Ethernet, watchdog, and other pins claimed by the firmware are rejected. A pin must also be physically broken out on your board; get gpio cannot detect wiring or an attached peripheral that is not represented by the firmware configuration.

Electrical warning: GPIOs use 3.3 V logic and have limited drive current. Do not power a relay, motor, solenoid, or other load directly from a GPIO. Use a suitable transistor, MOSFET, optocoupler, or driver with the required protection components.

Routing

View or set the direct path override for the current remote client

Usage: - get outpath - set outpath <hop1_hex,hop2_hex,...> - set outpath direct - set outpath clear - set outpath flood

Parameters: - hopN_hex: Hop hash with 2, 4, or 6 hexadecimal characters. Every hop must use the same width.

Notes: - These commands require remote client context and update the caller's ACL entry. - direct selects a zero-hop route for a directly reachable caller. - clear forgets the override so normal path discovery can repopulate it. - flood forces replies to use flood packets until the client logs in again.

View or change this node's repeat flag

Usage: - get repeat - set repeat <state>

Parameters: - state: on|off

Default: flood.channel.data on; flood.channel.data.hops h=all

Usage: - get path.hash.mode - set path.hash.mode <value>

Parameters: - value: Path hash size (0-2) - 0: 1 Byte hash size (256 unique ids)[64 max flood] - 1: 2 Byte hash size (65,536 unique ids)[32 max flood] - 2: 3 Byte hash size (16,777,216 unique ids)[21 max flood] - 3: DO NOT USE (Reserved)

Default: 0

Note: the 'path.hash.mode' sets the low-level ID/hash encoding size used when the repeater adverts. This setting has no impact on what packet ID/hash size this repeater forwards, all sizes should be forwarded on firmware >= 1.14. This feature was added in firmware 1.14

Temporary Note: adverts with ID/hash sizes of 2 or 3 bytes may have limited flood propagation in your network while this feature is new as v1.13.0 firmware and older will drop packets with multibyte path ID/hashes as only 1-byte hashes are supported. Consider your install base of firmware >=1.14 has reached a criticality for effective network flooding before implementing higher ID/hash sizes.

View or change this node's loop detection

Usage: - get loop.detect - set loop.detect <state>

Parameters: - state: - off: no loop detection is performed - minimal: packets are dropped if repeater's ID/hash appears 4 or more times (1-byte), 2 or more (2-byte), 1 or more (3-byte) - moderate: packets are dropped if repeater's ID/hash appears 2 or more times (1-byte), 1 or more (2-byte), 1 or more (3-byte) - strict: packets are dropped if repeater's ID/hash appears 1 or more times (1-byte), 1 or more (2-byte), 1 or more (3-byte)

Default: off

Note: When it is enabled, repeaters will now reject flood packets which look like they are in a loop. This has been happening recently in some meshes when there is just a single 'bad' repeater firmware out there (probably some forked or custom firmware). If the payload is messed with, then forwarded, the same packet ends up causing a packet storm, repeated up to the max 64 hops. This feature was added in firmware 1.14

Example: If preference is loop.detect minimal, and a 1-byte path size packet is received, the repeater will see if its own ID/hash is already in the path. If it's already encoded 4 times, it will reject the packet. If the packet uses 2-byte path size, and repeater's own ID/hash is already encoded 2 times, it rejects. If the packet uses 3-byte path size, and the repeater's own ID/hash is already encoded 1 time, it rejects.

View or change the retransmit delay factor for flood traffic

Usage: - get txdelay - set txdelay <value>

Parameters: - value: Transmit delay factor (0-2)

Default: 0.5

Note: When multiple nearby repeaters all hear the same flood packet, each waits a random amount of time before retransmitting to avoid simultaneous collisions. This factor scales the size of that random window. Higher values reduce collision risk at the cost of added latency. 0 disables the window entirely.

View or change the retransmit delay factor for direct traffic

Usage: - get direct.txdelay - set direct.txdelay <value>

Parameters: - value: Direct transmit delay factor (0-2)

Default: 0.2

Note: Same collision-avoidance random window as txdelay, but applied to direct (non-flood, routed) traffic. The default is lower because direct packets are addressed to a specific next hop, so far fewer nodes compete to retransmit them.

[Experimental] View or change the processing delay for received traffic

Usage: - get rxdelay - set rxdelay <value>

Parameters: - value: Receive delay base (0-20)

Default: 0.0

Note: When enabled, repeaters that received a flood packet with a weak signal are held in a delay queue before processing, while those that received it with a strong signal process it immediately. This gives strong-signal paths forwarding priority. By the time weak-signal nodes process their copy, the packet may have already propagated and will be suppressed as a duplicate, reducing redundant retransmissions.

View or change the duty cycle limit

Usage: - get dutycycle - set dutycycle <value>

Parameters: - value: Duty cycle percentage (1-100)

Default: 50% (equivalent to airtime factor 1.0)

Examples: - set dutycycle 100 - no duty cycle limit - set dutycycle 50 - 50% duty cycle (default) - set dutycycle 10 - 10% duty cycle - set dutycycle 1 - 1% duty cycle (strictest EU requirement)

Note: Added in firmware v1.15.0

View or change the airtime factor (duty cycle limit)

Deprecated as of firmware v1.15.0. Use get/set dutycycle instead.

Usage: - get af - set af <value>

Parameters: - value: Airtime factor (0-9). After each transmission, the repeater enforces a silent period of approximately the on-air transmission time multiplied by the value. This results in a long-term duty cycle of roughly 1 divided by (1 plus the value). For example: - af = 1 -> ~50% duty - af = 2 -> ~33% duty - af = 3 -> ~25% duty - af = 9 -> ~10% duty You are responsible for choosing a value that is appropriate for your jurisdiction and channel plan (for example EU 868 Mhz 10% duty cycle regulation).

Default: 1.0

View or change the local interference threshold

Usage: - get int.thresh - set int.thresh <value>

Parameters: - value: Interference threshold value

Default: 0.0

Enable or disable hardware Channel Activity Detection (CAD)

Usage: - get cad - set cad <on|off>

Description: When enabled, the radio performs a hardware Channel Activity Detection scan before transmitting and defers if the channel is busy. Runs independently of int.thresh - either, both, or none may be active.

The Cascade firmware profile defaults CAD to on; target-default builds continue to default it to off. The repeater applies the saved toggle to the radio during its periodic noise-floor service. With one runnable packet, a busy result uses the normal CAD retry delay and allows roughly four seconds of continuous busy results. As the runnable transmit queue grows, both delays are divided by its depth: retry spacing will not fall below 50 ms and the busy ceiling will not fall below 500 ms. Reaching the busy ceiling records a CAD-timeout error and attempts the next queued transmission rather than waiting indefinitely. Future-scheduled packets do not accelerate CAD. get cad includes the hardware busy-result count.

Parameters: - on|off: Enable or disable hardware CAD

Default: off

View or change the AGC Reset Interval

Usage: - get agc.reset.interval - set agc.reset.interval <value>

Parameters: - value: Interval in seconds rounded down to a multiple of 4 (17 becomes 16). 0 to disable.

Default: 0.0

View or change the radio watchdog interval (MQTT observer only)

Usage: - get radio.watchdog - set radio.watchdog <minutes>

Parameters: - minutes: 0 to disable, or 1-120 minutes

Default: 5

Note: This watchdog belongs to the MQTT observer runtime and is not available on a standalone FULL repeater. On quiet meshes, increasing it can reduce false recoveries when no traffic is expected.

Enable or disable Multi-Acks support

Usage: - get multi.acks - set multi.acks <state>

Parameters: - state: 0 (disable) or 1 (enable)

Default: 0

Usage: - get flood.advert.interval - set flood.advert.interval <hours>

Parameters: - hours: Interval in hours (3-168)

Default: 12 (Repeater) - 0 (Sensor)

Usage: - get advert.interval - set advert.interval <minutes>

Parameters: - minutes: Interval in minutes rounded down to the nearest multiple of 2 (61 becomes 60) (60-240)

Default: 0

Limit the number of hops for a flood message

Usage: - get flood.max - set flood.max <value>

Parameters: - value: Maximum flood hop count (0-64)

Default: 64

Limit the number of hops for an unscoped flood message

Usage: - get flood.max.unscoped - set flood.max.unscoped <value>

Parameters: - value: Maximum flood hop count (0-64) for a packet without a scope (no region set)

Default: 0xFF - indicates it hasn't been set, will track flood.max until it is.

Note: An alternative to region denyf *, setting flood.max.unscoped to a lower value such as 3 would allow for local unscoped messages to propagate, while preventing noisy neighbors from flooding a local region.

Usage: - get flood.max.advert - set flood.max.advert <value>

Parameters: - value: Maximum flood hop count (0-64) for an advert packet

Default: 8

Forward flood group data packets on repeaters

Usage: - get flood.channel.data - get flood.channel.data.hops - set flood.channel.data <on|off> - set flood.channel.data.hops <all|1-7>

Parameters: - on: Retransmit received flood GRP_DATA channel packets. - off: Do not retransmit received flood GRP_DATA channel packets. - all: When flood.channel.data is off, block GRP_DATA at any received flood hop count. - 1-7: When flood.channel.data is off, repeat GRP_DATA at this hop count or lower and block longer paths.

Default: flood.channel.data on; flood.channel.data.hops h=all

Forwarding behavior: Repeater firmware only. The repeater still receives and logs the packet when logging is enabled; this only blocks retransmission. On generalized repeaters these commands manage an ordinary visible FPF7 type=grp_data drop row. off with all maps to hops=all; off with N maps to hops=N+1+. The 240 KB compact FPF6 profiles retain the legacy hard gate. Because it is an ordinary FPF7 row, a matching higher-priority stop rule can exempt traffic from it. The compact get flood.filter list marks the managed row with ~data. Flood group text (GRP_TXT) is unaffected by this setting.

get flood.channel.data includes the active hop gate as h=all or h>N.

Block selected flood channels with FPF7

The separate flood.channel.block command and 15-row table have been retired. Generalized repeaters use the 63-row FPF7 forward phase for authenticated channel blocks:

set flood.rule type=any channel=#test hops=all drop
set flood.rule.2 type=any channel=#wardriving hops=5+ drop
set flood.rule type=any channel=9cd8fcf22a47333b591d96a2b848b73f hops=4+ drop
get flood.rule
del flood.rule.2

type=any with a channel condition can authenticate only GRP_TXT and GRP_DATA, so it does not match other payload types. Use hops=all to block at every received hop count. To preserve the old h=N meaning of repeating through N hops and blocking longer paths, use hops=N+1+; old h=4 is therefore hops=5+.

New generalized repeater tables seed slot 2 with the second example. Existing FCB2 rows are imported once into free FPF7 slots and the retired file is then removed. The fixed-size STM32WL FPF6 build cannot match authenticated channels.

Force a transport scope onto floods

Parameters: - n: Slot number within the table compiled for the target. Roomy ESP32 builds provide 1-255; DRAM-tight classic ESP32 LoRa-OTA repeaters and nRF52/other normal constrained builds provide 1-31; very-tight STM32WL repeaters provide 1-15; the no-PSRAM LilyGo T-LoRa V2.1 repeater/observer provides 1-4. - channel: public, a public #channel, or a 128/256-bit channel key in hex. - txt:*: Unauthenticated fallback for otherwise-unmatched GRP_TXT and GRP_DATA. Plain * is an alias for txt:*. - login:*: Type-based wildcard for the remote-login/admin family: REQ, RESPONSE, TXT_MSG, ANON_REQ, and PATH (0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x07, and 0x08). It classifies the outer type; a transit repeater cannot authenticate whether a packet is actually part of a login session. - other:*: Type-based wildcard for every remaining flood payload type, including flood-form TRACE, ACK, advert, multipart, control, OTA, reserved types, and raw custom. - region: Existing named region with a usable transport key. A unique region name prefix is accepted; wildcard region * is not a scope target. - scope=<name>: Regionless alternative to region. The public name is normalized with a leading #, and its 128-bit transport key is derived directly from that hashtag exactly as for flood.filter scope=<name>. It does not need to exist in the region list. Public names up to 30 characters are accepted; private $ scopes are not. - path=blacklist: Optional. Require the received path to match the passive flood.filter.blacklist ID table. No flood.filter drop row needs to be enabled. One exact listed ID qualifies a 3-byte path. A 2-byte path requires two matching received path entries, while a 1-byte path never qualifies. - path=bucket:<1-6>: Optional alternative to path=blacklist. Match IDs in the selected persistent flood.retry.bucket. Each bucket holds up to 17 three-byte IDs and remains usable when flood.retry.bridge is off. It uses the same 3-byte, 2-byte, and 1-byte thresholds as path=blacklist. recent.repeater freshness and flood.retry.ignore do not affect this passive match. - tx=slow: Optional. Use an effective inbound rxdelay base of max(2, configured rxdelay * 2), keep normal outbound queue priority, and schedule retransmission with the maximum supported txdelay factor of 2.0 after changing the scope. The default is fast; tx=fast may be supplied explicitly when replacing a slow row.

Default: No forced scopes.

Remote ACL permission 4 (region/scope manager) can use all get, set, and del flood.channel.scope forms. Filter managers and other non-admin roles cannot change this table.

Without .n, set updates the row for the same exact channel key or wildcard class with the same path selector, otherwise it uses the first empty slot. This permits an ordinary fallback and separate blacklist or bridge-bucket rows for the same channel. With .n, it replaces that slot. The three wildcard classes are independent and consume one slot each. get flood.channel.scope reports active/total slot counts; use the numbered form for row detail. Keyed rows are displayed by the first four bytes of their derived channel hash because channel secrets are never returned. Regionless targets are displayed with their normalized leading #.

This acts on received ROUTE_TYPE_FLOOD and ROUTE_TYPE_TRANSPORT_FLOOD packets. An unscoped packet gains the configured scope; an already-scoped packet has its existing transport codes replaced. For GRP_TXT and GRP_DATA, all exact channel-key rows are tried first and must validate the packet MAC/decryption. Matching path-qualified exact rows are tried before ordinary exact fallback rows. A region-backed row whose target is missing or unusable is skipped; later exact rows and then txt:* are tried. Exact keyed rows with a usable target therefore beat txt:* regardless of slot number. Within each wildcard class, path-qualified rows similarly precede ordinary fallback rows. login:* and other:* select their non-overlapping outer-type families without decrypting the payload. The lowest usable slot wins within each priority tier.

Standard traceroute is direct-routed and is therefore outside this flood-only table. A custom flood-form TRACE is treated like every other flood: an applicable wildcard may rewrite it and region/unknown-code gates still apply.

On a match, the repeater sets the route to ROUTE_TYPE_TRANSPORT_FLOOD, computes transport code 0 from the selected region or direct hashtag key and packet payload, and sets transport code 1 to zero. This occurs before region enforcement, forwarding filters, and the seen-packet lookup. For an already-scoped packet, the selected code replaces both incoming transport-code fields. Direct routes are never rewritten. A packet converted from unscoped is no longer subject to flood.max.unscoped; all rewritten packets remain subject to normal payload handling, flood.max, flood.filter, loop detection, and moderation. Assigning a scope does not make a packet type forwardable if the core would otherwise reject it. By default, if the selected scope differs and the rewritten packet is accepted for forwarding, its initial retransmission uses zero txdelay and the highest outbound queue priority so the newly scoped copy can win at the next hop. Adding tx=slow uses an effective inbound rxdelay base of max(2, configured rxdelay * 2), keeps the ordinary queue priority, and uses the maximum txdelay factor of 2.0 for the retransmission. As with ordinary txdelay, the actual transmit delay is randomized from zero through the resulting window; factor 2.0 gives a maximum of ten packet airtimes. Neither mode preempts an active radio transmission or bypasses CAD and airtime-budget limits. Selecting the scope already carried by the packet is a no-op and does not grant special transmit treatment.

A region-backed target must be locally flood-allowed and remains subject to the normal region gate. A scope=<name> target is trusted for this matched receive pass even though it has no region-list entry, matching the behavior of flood.filter scope=<name>. It does not create a region, consume a region slot, or change the allow/deny state for unrelated packets carrying the same transport code.

If a region-backed row's target has been removed or has no usable key, the repeater tries the next applicable row. For group packets this means later authenticated exact rows followed by txt:*; wildcard duplicates likewise fall through to the next usable slot. When no usable mapping exists, the packet retains its original unscoped or scoped route.

LoRa OTA remains functional when other:* is configured. OTA packets are given that target's transport code, replacing an existing code when necessary, but the OTA handler still accepts and re-floods them during the temporary-radio window. A region target must allow flooding; a direct target follows the regionless trust behavior above. The OTA core itself is dormant outside that window; no default flood filter row is needed for that behavior. Forced scope does not make OTA operate outside the window.

Capacity cost: Each rule slot retains its 36-byte runtime and persistent record. A separate 32-byte-name table holds up to the smaller of the rule count or 32 distinct regionless targets; very-tight STM32WL builds hold one reusable direct target. Region-backed targets do not consume this table. The four-slot minimum uses 272 bytes RAM and a 278-byte file; it has room for the three wildcard classes plus one exact channel mapping. Very-tight 15-slot builds use 572 bytes RAM and a 578-byte file. The 31-slot table uses 2,108 bytes RAM and a 2,114-byte file. Roomy ESP32 builds use 255 rule slots and 32 direct-target slots: 10,204 bytes RAM and a 10,210-byte file. Classic ESP32 LoRa-OTA builds that cannot afford the 255-rule table use 31 slots instead. Both configured regions and regionless targets can be reused by any number of rules.

Duplicate behavior: Mesh dedup hashes payload type and payload bytes; it does not hash route type, transport codes, or the ordinary flood path. Adding a transport scope therefore does not create a new duplicate identity. If the same payload later arrives scoped, unscoped, or through a different region, it is still the same seen packet. TRACE is the exception only in that its encoded path_len byte is also hashed.

While equivalent non-TRACE flood copies are waiting in rxdelay, the normal receive-quality timing still selects the packet to process, but that winner receives a scope from the queued scoped copies with the same dedupe identity. If the copies carry different locally allowed scopes, the scope from the shortest received path wins. Unknown and denied transport codes are not candidates and therefore cannot overwrite an unscoped winner. With equal path lengths, the deeper child region wins because it is narrower. A remaining tie keeps queue order. The winner's own path, SNR reading, and scheduled time are not changed, and an already-scoped winner may have its code replaced by the better queued scope.

The comparison is deferred until dequeue so each copy retains its original scope and path for arbitration. It can only use copies still present in rxdelay; it cannot replace a packet that already won the dedupe race. Flood-form TRACE participates in this arbitration; direct traceroute does not enter the flood queue.

A packet that matches a fast flood.channel.scope or flood.filter scope= action and needs its scope changed bypasses the inbound rxdelay queue. A tx=slow row remains in that queue with twice the configured base, floored at 2.0, and participates in normal queued-copy scope arbitration.

Examples:

region put west
region save
set flood.channel.scope #local west
set flood.channel.scope.2 txt:* west tx=slow
set flood.channel.scope.3 login:* west
set flood.channel.scope.4 other:* west
get flood.channel.scope
get flood.channel.scope.1
del flood.channel.scope.2

A regionless exact mapping needs no region command:

set flood.channel.scope #rgdata scope=BlackHole86
get flood.channel.scope
get flood.channel.scope.1

For example, if an authenticated #rgdata packet arrives carrying scope #usa, that rule replaces #usa with #BlackHole86 before forwarding. The rule also assigns #BlackHole86 when the packet is unscoped or carries any other scope; it is a channel-to-target mapping, not an incoming-scope filter.

To use bridge bucket 1 to assign east to public packets whose received 3-byte path contains 7576FB, while assigning west to every other authenticated public packet:

set flood.retry.bucket 1 7576FB
set flood.channel.scope public west
set flood.channel.scope public east path=bucket:1

Additional 3-byte IDs may be added to bucket 1 later; any one exact hit qualifies the east row. This use is passive and does not require flood.retry.bridge to be enabled. The separate blacklist selector remains available for tables shared with flood.filter path=blacklist rules.

Require valid incoming scopes only on selected channels

Usage: - get flood.channel.scope.require - get flood.channel.scope.require.<n> - set flood.channel.scope.require <public|#channel|128/256-bit-key> - set flood.channel.scope.require.<n> <public|#channel|128/256-bit-key> - del flood.channel.scope.require.<n> - del flood.channel.scope.require all

Default: Empty; normal global region enforcement remains active.

Once this table contains a row, received flood GRP_TXT and GRP_DATA packets use selective region enforcement. A packet authenticating against a listed channel key must already carry a transport scope matching a locally flood-allowed region. Listed channels arriving unscoped, with an unknown code, or with a denied region are not retransmitted. This tests the original incoming scope before any flood.channel.scope or flood.filter scope= rewrite. Those rewrite actions are skipped for a rejected listed channel, so they cannot rescue it or grant special receive/transmit timing.

Other group channels bypass the region/unknown-code gate while the table is active. They remain subject to every other forwarding control, including repeat, flood.max*, packet filters, loop detection, payload validation, and moderation. Non-channel flood payload types retain normal global region enforcement.

Channel matching validates the packet MAC/decryption with the configured key; the visible one-byte channel hash is only a prefilter. Public hashtag channels use their derived public key. Without .n, setting an existing key updates it and a new key uses the first empty slot. Numbered set replaces that slot. get ...<n> reports a four-byte derived prefix and key size without exposing the key. The table uses the same build-dependent slot count as flood.channel.scope.

Remote ACL permission 4 can manage this table. Deleting its final row restores normal global region enforcement for group channels.

Example:

set flood.channel.scope.require #bot
get flood.channel.scope.require
get flood.channel.scope.require.1

Change persistent flood rules in the field

For setup guidance, interactions with the existing forwarding controls, and worked moderation examples, see Flood Filtering and Moderation.

Usage: - get flood.rule - get flood.rule.<n> - set flood.rule[.<n>] type=<type> [hops=<range>] [channel=<channel>] [prefix=<path-prefix>] [in=<input-scope>] <drop|scope=<name>|region=<name>|rate=<N>/min|retry|stop> [priority=<0-255>] [tx=slow] [suspend=tempradio] - del flood.rule.<n> - del flood.rule all - get flood.filter - get flood.filter.<n> - get flood.filter.blacklist - get flood.filter.blacklist.<n> - set flood.filter.blacklist <ID[,ID...]> - set flood.filter.blacklist.<n> <ID[,ID...]> - del flood.filter.blacklist - del flood.filter.blacklist.<n> - set flood.filter <type> [hops] [path=blacklist] [scope=<name>] [require=region] [tx=slow] [suspend=tempradio] - set flood.filter.<n> <type> [hops] [path=blacklist] [scope=<name>] [require=region] [tx=slow] [suspend=tempradio] - del flood.filter.<n> - del flood.filter all

The extended table is available on repeaters with the rule engine enabled and on FULL-profile ESP32 room servers. A FULL room server exposes both flood.rule and flood.filter, has 31 slots, and requires an administrator for remote changes. It does not have the repeater's passive path blacklist, so flood.filter.blacklist* and path=blacklist are repeater-only; use the ordered prefix= match on a room server. Standard room-server profiles do not compile this table.

Parameters: - n: Forward-rule slot in the build's compiled table (1-63 on generalized repeaters and 1-31 on FULL room servers; compact profiles may use fewer). - type: Payload type name, full PAYLOAD_TYPE_* name, decimal value 0-15, hexadecimal value 0x00-0x0F, or any. - hops: Optional; omitted means all. - N: Match only at received hop count N. - N+: Match at received hop count N and higher. - N-M: Match the inclusive received-hop range. - all: Match every received hop count (0-63). - 0+, all, and an omitted hop expression are equivalent. The CLI displays the saved range as all. - channel=*|public|#name|hash:XX|128-bit-key|256-bit-key: Optional channel match. channel=* means no channel condition at all, so the row matches everything selected by type= (including all flood payload types with type=any). It does not authenticate a packet. public, #name, and raw keys authenticate one channel and therefore narrow the row to GRP_TXT/GRP_DATA. hash:XX matches only the visible one-byte group-channel hash; short:XX and a bare two-digit byte are accepted aliases and are displayed as hash:XX. This form is deliberately unauthenticated. It can collide with another channel once in 256 hash values, and a sender can choose the byte, so use an exact channel name or key whenever it is available. In particular, channel=hash:11 does not mean Public: it matches Public plus every collision or deliberately selected 0x11 value. channel=public performs the deeper MAC/decrypt check with the Public channel key. That distinguishes an ordinary 0x11 collision, but it is channel authentication rather than sender authentication: the group MAC is two bytes and the Public key is shared. - prefix=<ID[,ID...]>: Optional ordered source-path prefix of one to three pbyte IDs. IDs must all be 2, 4, or 6 hex characters, matching a packet's 1-, 2-, or 3-byte pbyte width. path=<prefix> is an alias. - in=any|none|scoped|allowed|unknown|scope:<name>|region:<name>: Optional condition on the original incoming scope, before any rule rewrites it. none is an unscoped flood. scope:name is the exact public hashtag-derived scope. region:name is an exact allowed region match. - drop: Explicit drop action. The flood.rule form requires an explicit action. For compatibility, a legacy flood.filter row with no rewrite, rate, or stop action is treated as drop. - scope=<name>: Direct public-name scope rewrite. It derives a transport key from the name and does not require a configured region. For example, scope=BlackHole86 is a regionless sink scope; region=BlackHole86 would instead require a real configured, flood-allowed region with that name. - region=<name>: Rewrite using an existing locally allowed region and one of that region's transport keys. - rate=N/min: Per-node, per-row fixed one-minute forwarding limit. It can be the only action or accompany scope=/region=. Counters are charged only for packets that pass all forwarding gates. - retry, retry=on, retry=allow, or action=retry: Allow a matching received flood packet to enter the configured flood-retry sequence. With no active retry rows, retry eligibility remains backward compatible and is controlled by the global retry settings. Once any active retry row exists, the matching rows become a retry allow-list: a received flood must match at least one surviving retry row. flood.retry.bridge still selects ordinary or bridge-bucket completion for the allowed packet. This action can accompany rewrite, rate, or stop, but not drop; compact syntax uses f=r. - priority=0-255: Optional primary processing order. Higher values run first. At the same numeric priority, authenticated channel matches run before raw hash:XX matches, which run before channel=*; lower slot number breaks the remaining tie. The default is 0; pri= is an alias. An explicitly higher numeric priority still overrides this automatic specificity ordering. - stop or action=stop: Apply this matching row, then stop lower-order FPF7 rows from processing. It can stand alone or accompany drop, rewrite, or rate. A stop-only row acts as an exception to lower-priority FPF7 rules. If the same row uses region= and that configured region is missing, denied, wildcard, or has no usable transport key, both the rewrite and its stop are inert so lower-order safety rows still run. A direct scope= target does not depend on region configuration. - suspend=tempradio: Optional. Skip this row only while the temporary radio is actually active. - require=region: Legacy alias for in=allowed. Apply the row only if the original incoming packet already passes this repeater's region gate. An incoming transport scope must resolve to a locally allowed region; an unscoped flood must be allowed by the wildcard region. The check occurs before any scope rewrite during this receive pass. - tx=slow: Optional and valid with scope= or region=. Use an effective inbound rxdelay base of max(2, configured rxdelay * 2), keep normal outbound queue priority, and retransmit with the maximum supported txdelay factor of 2.0. Scope rows default to fast; tx=fast explicitly restores that default when replacing a slow row. - path=blacklist: Optional unordered path condition. The persistent blacklist is repeater-only. It contains up to 255 unique 3-byte repeater IDs on ESP32 builds and 18 on other builds, each written as six hexadecimal digits. A packet with 3-byte path hashes matches after one exact ID hit. A packet with 2-byte path hashes matches after two path entries match the first two bytes of listed IDs. Packets with 1-byte path hashes never match this condition. Each received path entry is counted at most once.

The payload names follow the MeshCore packet-format allocation:

Value	Short name	Full name
`0x00`	`req`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_REQ`
`0x01`	`response`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_RESPONSE`
`0x02`	`txt_msg`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_TXT_MSG`
`0x03`	`ack`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_ACK`
`0x04`	`advert`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_ADVERT`
`0x05`	`grp_txt`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_GRP_TXT`
`0x06`	`grp_data`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_GRP_DATA`
`0x07`	`anon_req`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_ANON_REQ`
`0x08`	`path`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_PATH`
`0x09`	`trace`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_TRACE`
`0x0A`	`multipart`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_MULTIPART`
`0x0B`	`control`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_CONTROL`
`0x0C`	`ota`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_OTA` (this fork's LoRa OTA extension; reserved upstream)
`0x0D`	`13`	reserved
`0x0E`	`14`	reserved
`0x0F`	`raw_custom`	`PAYLOAD_TYPE_RAW_CUSTOM`

Route scope: Rules are evaluated only for the two flood route values: ROUTE_TYPE_TRANSPORT_FLOOD (0x00, flood plus transport codes) and ROUTE_TYPE_FLOOD (0x01, unscoped flood). Direct routes 0x02 and 0x03 are never affected.

Behavior: Match fields within one row are ANDed. Every FPF7 row is matched against the same immutable receive-time packet, before any rule changes its scope. Matching rows are processed in descending priority. At equal numeric priority, authenticated channel matches precede raw hashes, which precede an unrestricted channel matcher; lower slot wins after that. The first matching stop row is included and all lower-order FPF7 matches are discarded. A stop cannot undo an earlier drop or bypass hard forwarding gates or the other policy phases. A row with path=blacklist must meet the path condition as well as its other conditions; blacklist IDs can occur anywhere in the received path and their configured order is irrelevant. In contrast, prefix= begins at the first received path entry and preserves order. A matching drop row prevents retransmission. The highest-order remaining matching scope/region row wins; matching drop and rate rows remain independent and can still block the rewritten packet. Scope rewriting happens before region enforcement and is trusted even when its name is absent from the local region list. It does not bypass repeat, flood.max, other drop rows, loop detection, or moderation.

Retry selection uses that same ordered, stop-truncated match set. With at least one active retry row, a received flood starts a retry sequence only when one of those matching rows includes retry. This selector cannot override flood.retry.count, path/type attempt caps, flood.retry.advert, disabled forwarding, a drop decision, or any other hard forwarding gate. Locally originated floods retain the normal global retry behavior.

With require=region, a failed check makes that scope row ineligible. It leaves the packet unchanged and does not set the filter-scope trust bypass, so an unknown or denied incoming region is rejected normally unless another independent scope rule rewrites it. Later eligible filter scope rows may still match.

By default, when a scope row will change the packet's transport codes, the packet bypasses inbound rxdelay; its retransmission then uses zero txdelay and the highest outbound queue priority. With tx=slow, the rewrite instead uses an effective inbound rxdelay base of max(2, configured rxdelay * 2), normal queue priority, and the maximum txdelay factor of 2.0. The actual randomized transmit wait ranges from zero to ten packet airtimes. Selecting the scope already carried is a no-op and does not grant special treatment. An active radio transmission is not preempted, and CAD and airtime-budget limits still apply.

The packet is still received and can still be logged. Rules are persistent data and can be changed over serial or authenticated remote CLI without an OTA or reboot. flood.rule and flood.filter address the same table on extended builds; FPF6 files are migrated in memory and the next save writes FPF7. FPF1-FPF5 files are rejected and filtering fails open. FPF7 stores canonical region names rather than transient numeric region IDs. Removing, reordering, or reusing a region ID therefore cannot silently retarget a rule. If a saved input or target region name is absent, that input match or rewrite is inert; restoring the same region name reactivates it. While the temporary radio is active, only rows explicitly marked suspend=tempradio are skipped. tempradio is a radio state, not an OTA mode; normal payload types can also use the temporary channel. Other rows remain in force. A malformed persisted table fails open (no general rules are applied).

Within one receive evaluation, rows that use the same channel key share one authentication result. The cache is discarded after that packet and stores neither plaintext nor passwords; different keys are authenticated separately. Raw hash:XX rows skip this authentication and compare only the one visible byte.

Per-channel retry examples:

# Use bridge-bucket retry only for authenticated Public and #hamradio traffic.
set flood.retry.bridge on
set flood.rule.2 type=any channel=public retry
set flood.rule.3 type=any channel=#hamradio retry

# If the channel key/name is unavailable, select visible channel hash A7.
# This is an unauthenticated 1-byte hint, not a channel identity.
set flood.rule.4 type=any channel=hash:A7 retry

Because Public's visible hash is 0x11, a bare hash:11 drop row also matches Public. To exempt authenticated Public while dropping other packets that carry the same visible byte, put the exact Public rule first and stop lower-priority rules after it:

# Retry and preserve authenticated Public; drop other channel-hash 11 packets.
set flood.rule.2 type=any channel=public retry stop
set flood.rule.3 type=any channel=hash:11 drop

The Public row matches only after its MAC/decrypt check succeeds. A colliding channel therefore misses that stop and reaches the raw-hash drop row. Both rows use the default numeric priority, but authenticated-channel specificity automatically orders Public first even if its slot number is higher. Without stop, both rows match Public and the sticky drop action wins. Omit retry from the Public row when only the forwarding exemption is wanted. An operator can deliberately reverse this order by assigning the hash row a higher numeric priority.

Deleting or replacing the last active retry row restores the legacy global retry eligibility. Firmware that predates the retry/hash:XX FPF7 extension cannot preserve tables containing those rows; remove them before downgrading.

Default row: Repeater firmware and FULL ESP32 room-server firmware seed a new flood-filter table with ota all suspend=tempradio in slot 1. This blocks repeated LoRa OTA (0x0C) floods at every received hop unless temporary radio is actually active. The OTA core independently refuses OTA receive, relay, and transmit outside temporary radio. The row is editable and deletable; once the table is saved, deletion is persistent. Restore the exact seeded row with:

set flood.filter.1 0x0C all suspend=tempradio

Omitting all is equivalent. Omit .1 as well to reuse an identical rule or the first empty slot instead of replacing slot 1.

Remote-admin lockout warning: There are no hidden payload-type or short-hop exceptions. FPF7 drop and rate rows may block req, response, txt_msg, anon_req, path, ACK, and multipart traffic beginning at hop 0 when their match fields say so. Transit repeaters cannot decrypt these outer types to distinguish an admin exchange from ordinary peer traffic. Keep a serial or other recovery path and stage broad deny/rate rules carefully.

Without .n, set reuses an identical rule or uses the first empty slot. With .n, it replaces that slot, which is the intended way to change a row's match or action. get flood.filter or get flood.rule gives a compact list. Use the numbered form for full details, including channel, prefix, original-scope condition, action, timing, rate, and temporary-radio suspension.

If all of those fields plus long names would exceed one CLI reply, the numbered form automatically switches to a non-truncating compact spelling. The compact aliases are also accepted by set: c= means channel=, p= means prefix=, i=*|n|s|a|u|s:<scope>|r:<region> means the corresponding in= condition, q=N means rate=N/min, pri=N means priority, and f=str combines slow timing (s), temporary-radio suspension (t), and retry allowance (r). Packet type is shown numerically in that fallback. Normal-sized rows keep the descriptive spelling above.

On generalized repeaters, filter rows, scope-rewrite rows, the shared blacklist, and flood.channel.data compatibility state are committed in one atomic FPF7 image. Compact FPF6 profiles retain separate files. Replacing or deleting the blacklist does not delete rows containing path=blacklist; such rows remain dormant while the list is empty. Path hashes are truncated routing identifiers, not authenticated identities, so this is a forwarding signal rather than proof that a particular repeater handled a packet.

A common use is containment of bulk internet-to-mesh dumping: list the path IDs associated with the offending gateways, then add a broad type=any hops=all path=blacklist drop row. This prevents this repeater from retransmitting matching floods; it does not delete them from local logs or prove who originated them.

The unnumbered blacklist set replaces the whole list and accepts up to 18 IDs so it fits every CLI transport. Numbered set writes up to 18 consecutive entries beginning at an existing slot or exactly the next slot, allowing an ESP32 list to grow to 255 entries in batches. Numbered deletion compacts subsequent slots. The unnumbered get reports the total and as many leading IDs as fit in one reply; use numbered get to inspect entries beyond that reply.

Standard traceroute is direct-routed and therefore outside flood.filter entirely. A custom flood-form trace participates normally: type=any, explicit trace, rewrite, rate, drop, and stop rows can all apply.

Examples:

set flood.rule.2 type=grp_data hops=4+ channel=#rgdata in=none scope=BlackHole86
set flood.rule.3 type=grp_data channel=#rgdata in=scope:usa scope=BlackHole86
set flood.rule.4 type=any prefix=860C rate=10/min
set flood.rule.5 type=grp_data hops=0-2 channel=#rgdata priority=200 stop
get flood.rule.2
set flood.filter grp_data 4+
set flood.filter.2 PAYLOAD_TYPE_ADVERT 6+
set flood.filter ota 2-4
set flood.filter.1 0x0C all suspend=tempradio
set flood.filter grp_data all suspend=tempradio
set flood.filter grp_txt all scope=local
set flood.filter grp_data all scope=local require=region
set flood.filter grp_data all path=blacklist scope=local tx=slow
set flood.filter.blacklist A1B2C3,D4E5F6,112233
set flood.filter.blacklist.4 445566
set flood.filter.blacklist.19 778899,AABBCC,DDEEFF
set flood.filter any all path=blacklist
get flood.filter.blacklist
get flood.filter.blacklist.4
set flood.filter any 12+
get flood.filter
get flood.filter.2
del flood.filter.2

The first rule authenticates #rgdata, requires more than three received hops, and adds #BlackHole86 only when no scope was present. The second rewrites the exact incoming #usa scope. The third demonstrates a two-byte pbyte source prefix and a global per-row rate cap. The fourth authenticates #rgdata at zero through two hops, applies no FPF7 action of its own, and stops lower-order FPF7 forward rows; hard gates and the rewrite/moderation phases still apply.

The fixed 240 KB STM32WL profiles leave MESH_ENABLE_FLOOD_RULE_ENGINE=0 and retain the compact, persistent FPF6 flood.filter and blacklist commands. They still filter floods, but do not expose the flood.rule alias or its extended channel, prefix, input-scope, region-action, or rate fields. No partition size changes are required.

Moderate flood group text by channel, sender, and source path

Usage: - get flood.moderation - get flood.moderation.<n> - set flood.moderation <channel> <sender> <action> [action...] - set flood.moderation.<n> <channel> <sender> <action> [action...] - del flood.moderation.<n> - del flood.moderation all

Parameters: - n: Moderation slot from 1 to 16. - channel: - public: Built-in Public channel. - #channel: Derive the well-known hashtag-channel key. - A 128-bit or 256-bit channel key in hex, for any other/private channel. - sender: Exact group-text display name. Matching is ASCII case-insensitive. Quote names containing spaces, for example "Field User". - drop: Do not forward matching messages. Equivalent to rate=0/min. - rate=X/min: Forward at most X matching messages per 60-second local window. This option requires an exact sender rather than *. - hops=N: Do not forward a matching message whose received flood path count is N or higher. hops=all removes this constraint. - path=H1[,H2,H3]: Match the start of the flood path. One to three hashes are accepted; every hash must have the same 1-, 2-, or 3-byte width. - path=*: Match any source path (the default).

At least one of drop, rate=X/min, or hops=N is required. Rate and hop limits can be combined. Rate counters are local to this repeater and rule, use a 60-second window beginning with the first matching message, and reset on reboot.

Decode and identity behavior: Moderation applies only to flood PAYLOAD_TYPE_GRP_TXT. The repeater first checks the packet's channel-hash byte, then validates and decrypts with the configured key. It extracts the text before the first : from the standard <sender>: <message> plaintext. The channel key is stored locally but is never printed by get.

The group-text sender is an unverified display name, not a public key. It can be spoofed. Combining it with the first one to three path hashes makes a more useful moderation signal, but path hashes are truncated and are not proof of the originating user. A path-qualified rule begins matching only after the packet contains all configured starting hops; it cannot identify a first hop on a zero-hop packet.

As with general filtering, matching messages are still received/logged; only retransmission is denied. There are no moderation rules by default.

Examples:

set flood.moderation public "Noisy User" rate=5/min
set flood.moderation #local bot drop path=A1B2C3,D4E5F6
set flood.moderation.3 00112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF alice rate=10/min hops=4 path=71CE82
get flood.moderation
get flood.moderation.3
del flood.moderation.3

ACL

Add, update or remove permissions for a companion

Usage: - setperm <pubkey> <permissions>

Parameters: - pubkey: Companion public key - permissions: - 0: Guest - 1: Read-only - 2: Read-write - 3: Admin - 4: Region/scope manager (repeater delegated region and forced-scope management) - 5: Filter manager (repeater delegated forwarding-filter management)

Filter manager scope: Permission 5 can use an explicit allowlist of non-secret operational/filter status commands and can change the forwarding controls repeat, loop.detect, flood.max*, flood.channel.data*, flood.filter*, flood.rule*, and flood.moderation*. It cannot read guest, WiFi, MQTT, bridge, or other credentials, and it cannot change regions, ACL entries, radio settings, or other admin configuration. Permission 4 is limited to region commands, flood.channel.scope*, and the same non-secret status allowlist. Both delegated manager roles are protected from least-recently-active ACL eviction like administrators.

Note: Removes the entry when permissions is omitted

View the current ACL

Usage: - get acl

Serial Only: Yes

View or change this room server's 'read-only' flag

Usage: - get allow.read.only - set allow.read.only <state>

Parameters: - state: on (enable) or off (disable)

Default: off

Region Management (v1.10.+)

Bulk-load region lists

Usage: - region load - region load <name> [flood_flag]

Parameters: - name: A name of a region. * represents the wildcard region

Note: flood_flag: Optional F to allow flooding

Note: Indentation creates parent-child relationships (max 8 levels)

Note: region load with an empty name will not work remotely (it's interactive)

Save any changes to regions made since reboot

Usage: - region save

Allow a region

Usage: - region allowf <name>

Parameters: - name: Region name (or * for wildcard)

Note: Setting on wildcard * allows packets without region transport codes

Block a region

Usage: - region denyf <name>

Parameters: - name: Region name (or * for wildcard)

Note: Setting on wildcard * drops packets without region transport codes

Show information for a region

Usage: - region get <name>

Parameters: - name: Region name (or * for wildcard)

View or change the home region for this node

Usage: - region home - region home <name>

Parameters: - name: Region name

View or change the default scope region for this node

Usage: - region default - region default {name|<null>}

Parameters: - name: Region name, or to reset/clear

Create a new region

Usage: - region put <name> [parent_name]

Parameters: - name: Region name - parent_name: Parent region name (optional, defaults to wildcard)

Note: In firmware v1.15.0 and later, region put enables flooding for that region by default (you do not need a separate region allowf <name> after each put). On v1.14.0 and earlier, new regions may still require region allowf for flooding-see region allowf.

Define region hierarchy (single line)

Usage: - region def <token> [<token> ...]

Parameters (tokens): Space-separated. A logical cursor starts at the wildcard *.

name - Create name as a child of the current cursor (equivalent to region put name with the cursor as parent). Cursor moves to name.
name|jump (or name,jump) - Create name as a child of the current cursor, then move the cursor to jump (must already exist on the node, or have been created earlier in this command). jump is not the parent of name; use this form to pop back up and start another branch.

Behavior: Each created region defaults to flood-allowed (same as region put). The reply is the resulting region tree (same format as bare region); review it before running region save to persist. The command is transactional: invalid names, unknown or ambiguous jumps, table overflow, and hierarchy cycles return Err - ... without changing the existing tree.

Existing regions: region def does not clear the existing tree - if a name already exists, its parent is updated to the current cursor; otherwise a new region is created. To start from scratch, region remove the unwanted regions first.

Limits: Repeater serial accepts one line up to 160 characters. For larger trees, split across multiple region def commands; the cursor resets to * between commands, so lead the next command with child|ancestor to reposition. Each token splits at most once on | - region def a|b|c|d is not a flat-list shorthand; see the flat-list example below.

Example - linear chain (each token becomes a child of the previous):

region def a b c d e
region save

Example - branched tree (equivalent to region put a, region put b a, region put c b, region put d c, region put e b, region put f e):

region def a b c d|b e f
region save

Example - transactional error:

region def a b c|nope d

The reply is Err - unknown or ambiguous jump: nope. The existing tree is unchanged; re-run with a corrected jump.

Example - flat list (each region a child of *). Use |* after each token to pop the cursor back to the root before the next token:

region def a|* b|* c|* d|* e|* f
region save

Remove a region

Usage: - region remove <name>

Parameters: - name: Region name

Note: Must remove all child regions before the region can be removed

View all regions

Usage: - region list <filter>

Serial Only: Yes

Parameters: - filter: allowed|denied

Note: Requires firmware 1.12+

Dump all defined regions and flood permissions

Usage: - region

Serial Only: For firmware older than 1.12.0

Region Examples

Example 1: Using F Flag with Named Public Region

region load
#Europe F
<blank line to end region load>
region save

Explanation: - Creates a region named #Europe with flooding enabled - Packets from this region will be flooded to other nodes

Example 2: Using Wildcard with F Flag

region load 
* F
<blank line to end region load>
region save

Explanation: - Creates a wildcard region * with flooding enabled - Enables flooding for all regions automatically - Applies only to packets without transport codes

Example 3: Using Wildcard Without F Flag

region load 
*
<blank line to end region load>
region save

Explanation: - Creates a wildcard region * without flooding - This region exists but doesn't affect packet distribution - Used as a default/empty region

Example 4: Nested Public Region with F Flag

region load 
#Europe F
  #UK
    #London
    #Manchester
  #France
    #Paris
    #Lyon
<blank line to end region load>
region save

Explanation: - Creates #Europe region with flooding enabled - Adds nested child regions (#UK, #France) - All nested regions inherit the flooding flag from parent

Example 5: Wildcard with Nested Public Regions

region load 
* F
  #NorthAmerica
    #USA
      #NewYork
      #California
    #Canada
      #Ontario
      #Quebec
<blank line to end region load>
region save

Explanation: - Creates wildcard region * with flooding enabled - Adds nested #NorthAmerica hierarchy - Enables flooding for all child regions automatically - Useful for global networks with specific regional rules

Direct Retry

Direct retry resends direct-routed packets when the downstream echo is not heard. It applies to direct messages, ACK packets, multipart packets carrying ACK payloads, and TRACE packets.

The shared state, count, base, and step controls work on repeater, room-server, and sensor firmware. Recent-repeater/SNR controls are repeater-only because the other roles do not keep the repeater reachability table they require.

View or change direct retry state

Usage: - get direct.retry - set direct.retry <state>

Parameters: - state: on|off

Default: on

Notes: - New installs and older preference files without direct retry settings default to on with the rooftop preset.

Examples:

get direct.retry
set direct.retry on
set direct.retry off

View or change direct retry heard-table gate

Usage: - get direct.retry.heard - set direct.retry.heard <state>

Parameters: - state: on|off

Default: on

Note: This command is repeater-only. When enabled, the recent repeater table is the direct retry eligibility gate. Prefixes missing from the table are assumed reachable; prefixes in the table below the active SNR gate are blocked.

Examples:

get direct.retry.heard
set direct.retry.heard on
set direct.retry.heard off

View or apply a retry preset

Usage: - get retry.preset - set retry.preset <preset>

Parameters: - preset: infra|rooftop|mobile

Notes: - Applies shared direct retry and flood retry defaults. - infra: fewer, slower retries for stable fixed infrastructure. - rooftop: default long retry window for weak rooftop links. - mobile: long retry count with shorter spacing for moving or changing links; flood retry count is 15. - Changing direct.retry.count, direct.retry.base, direct.retry.step, direct.retry.margin, flood.retry.count, flood.retry.path, or flood.retry.group.path makes the preset report as custom.

Examples:

get retry.preset
set retry.preset infra
set retry.preset rooftop
set retry.preset mobile

Flood Retry

Flood retry resends flood-routed packets when the same packet is not heard from another qualifying repeater.

The count, path, group-data path, and advert controls work on repeater, room-server, and sensor firmware. Flood forwarding must also be enabled for retries to run. Prefix, ignore, bridge, and bucket controls are repeater-only.

View or change flood retry count

Usage: - get flood.retry.count - set flood.retry.count <count>

Parameters: - count: Base retry attempts after the original send, from 0 to 15. 0 disables flood retry.

Note: The role first calculates its retry count: path count 0 uses count * 2, path count 1 uses count * 1.5 rounded up, and path count 2 and higher uses the configured base count, with a hard cap of 15. A shared payload policy then applies to every build: REQ never retries; GRP_TXT keeps the role-calculated count; remote-login-critical RESPONSE, TXT_MSG, ANON_REQ, and PATH packets keep up to 15 at the originating node (path count 0) and cap at 2 after entering the path; all other flood payload types cap at 1. These caps never raise a lower role-calculated count. Setting count to 0 immediately removes queued and future flood retries; a packet already transmitting is allowed to finish.

Forwarded neighbor adverts have an additional loop guard independent of the advert retry setting. After this node completes an advert transmission and hears a downstream copy with a longer path, it does not forward that same advert again while the advert's signed timestamp is less than six hours old. Self-originated adverts, adverts without a heard echo, and adverts six hours old or older are unaffected.

An enabled self-originated advert retry waits at least one additional minute beyond the normal airtime-aware retry delay. Once a newer self advert has successfully entered the outbound queue, its retry sequence replaces queued or future retries for older self adverts; an older advert already transmitting is allowed to finish. Companion firmware permits this single slow retry for its own adverts while continuing to block retry attempts for neighbor adverts it forwards.

Defaults: - infra: 1 - rooftop: 3 - mobile: 15

Examples:

get flood.retry.count
set flood.retry.count 0
set flood.retry.count 15

View or change flood retry path gate

Usage: - get flood.retry.path - set flood.retry.path <count|off>

Parameters: - count: Maximum flood path hash count eligible for retry, from 0 to 63. - off: Disable the path-length gate.

Defaults: - infra: 1 - rooftop: 2 - mobile: 1

Examples:

get flood.retry.path
set flood.retry.path 1
set flood.retry.path off

View or change the group-data flood retry path gate

Usage: - get flood.retry.group.path - set flood.retry.group.path <count|off>

Parameters: - count: Maximum flood path hash count eligible for retry for group data packets (PAYLOAD_TYPE_GRP_DATA/type 6), from 0 to 63. - off: Disable only the group-data-specific gate. The general flood.retry.path gate still applies.

Default: 1 for infra, rooftop, and mobile presets.

Note: The stricter of flood.retry.path and flood.retry.group.path is used. A value of 1 allows retry sequences at path counts 0 and 1; group data at path count 2 or higher is still forwarded normally but does not start a flood retry sequence. A value of 0 allows retries only at the originating sender.

Setting flood.retry.path to 0 also sets flood.retry.group.path to off because the general zero-hop gate is already stricter. While the general gate remains 0, attempts to set the group-data gate keep it off. Applying a named retry preset restores the group-data default of 1.

Examples:

get flood.retry.group.path
set flood.retry.group.path 1
set flood.retry.group.path off

Usage: - get flood.retry.advert - set flood.retry.advert <on|off>

Parameters: - on: Retry node advert floods. - off: Do not retry node advert floods.

Default: off

Examples:

get flood.retry.advert
set flood.retry.advert off

View or change flood retry target prefixes

Usage: - get flood.retry.prefixes - set flood.retry.prefixes <prefixes|none|off>

Parameters: - prefixes: Comma-separated 3-byte path hash prefixes, up to 8 entries. - none or off: Clear the list.

Note: When set, non-bridge flood retry only accepts same-packet echoes whose last hop matches one of these prefixes. When unset, any non-ignored last hop can cancel the retry.

Examples:

get flood.retry.prefixes
set flood.retry.prefixes A58296,860CCA,425E5C
set flood.retry.prefixes none

View or change flood retry ignored prefixes

Usage: - get flood.retry.ignore - set flood.retry.ignore <prefixes|none|off>

Parameters: - prefixes: Comma-separated 3-byte path hash prefixes, up to 8 entries. - none or off: Clear the list.

Note: Non-bridge flood retry does not cancel on same-packet echoes whose last hop matches this list. Bridge mode also excludes these prefixes from bucket and other hits.

Examples:

get flood.retry.ignore
set flood.retry.ignore 71CE82,C7618C
set flood.retry.ignore none

View or change flood retry bridge mode

Usage: - get flood.retry.bridge - set flood.retry.bridge <on|off>

Note: Bridge mode retries until each configured fresh bucket, plus the non-source other bucket, has been heard or the retry count is exhausted. If prefixes in different buckets share their first byte, configuration commands return a warning because a 1-byte path cannot distinguish those buckets. The configuration remains valid: an ambiguous source is treated as belonging to every matching source bucket, and an ambiguous echo credits every matching target bucket so it cannot force retry exhaustion.

Flood retry timing retains its fixed maximum-frame plus 20 packet-airtime wait, then adds a random 0-200% of one additional packet airtime on every attempt. This de-synchronizes repeaters that may have missed the same echo while capping the added wait at two frames.

Only one active retry sequence is kept for a given logical flood packet. An identical flood can still transmit normally, but it does not create a second sequence of extra attempts. Retry state is released if a queued packet is evicted, and the final echo window retains metadata without reserving a packet-pool entry.

Bridge reachability learned from earlier hops in a successful echo is cached separately from recent.repeater. Only the final RF hop updates recent.repeater and its SNR, so indirect path entries cannot affect direct-retry SNR gating or coding-rate selection.

Examples:

get flood.retry.bridge
set flood.retry.bridge on

View or change flood retry bridge buckets

Usage: - get flood.retry.bucket.<n> - set flood.retry.bucket <n> <prefixes|none|off>

Parameters: - n: Bucket number from 1 to 6. - prefixes: Comma-separated 3-byte path hash prefixes, up to 17 entries per bucket. - none or off: Clear the bucket.

Examples:

get flood.retry.bucket.1
set flood.retry.bucket 1 71CE82,C7618C
set flood.retry.bucket 2 none

View or change direct retry count

Usage: - get direct.retry.count - set direct.retry.count <count>

Parameters: - count: Maximum retry attempts after the original send, from 1 to 15.

Default: 15 with the rooftop preset

Note: Direct-routed type 2 text packets always use 21 retry attempts in the shared retry logic, regardless of this setting or the repeater short-path cap.

Examples:

get direct.retry.count
set direct.retry.count 1
set direct.retry.count 4
set direct.retry.count 15

View or change direct retry base delay

Usage: - get direct.retry.base - set direct.retry.base <ms>

Parameters: - ms: First retry wait in milliseconds, from 10 to 5000.

Default: 175 with the rooftop preset

Explanation: - The first retry waits for base + packet-length add-on + random forwarding jitter after the preceding transmission completes. - TRACE and ANON_REQ/type 7 packets use a 3x line-time add-on. TXT_MSG/type 2 packets use 7x. Other direct retry packets use 6x. - Room-server and sensor firmware use this configured base with the same packet-type add-ons. - Larger values reduce channel pressure and give slow repeaters more time. - Smaller values recover faster but create tighter retry bursts.

Examples:

get direct.retry.base
set direct.retry.base 175
set direct.retry.base 275
set direct.retry.base 500

View or change direct retry step delay

Usage: - get direct.retry.step - set direct.retry.step <ms>

Parameters: - ms: Extra milliseconds added for each subsequent retry, from 0 to 5000.

Default: 100 with the rooftop preset

Explanation: - Retry delay is base + packet-length add-on + random forwarding jitter + attempt_index * step. - TRACE and ANON_REQ/type 7 packets use a 3x packet-length add-on. TXT_MSG/type 2 packets use 7x. Other direct retry packets use 6x. - Room-server and sensor firmware use this configured step with the same packet-type add-ons. - With base=175 and step=100, the fixed portion is 175, 275, 375, 475 ms, and so on, before the packet-length add-on and random jitter. - step=0 keeps every retry at the same delay. - Larger steps spread retries over time and are safer on busy channels.

Examples:

get direct.retry.step
set direct.retry.step 0
set direct.retry.step 50
set direct.retry.step 100
set direct.retry.step 250

View or change direct retry SNR margin

Usage: - get direct.retry.margin - set direct.retry.margin <snr_db>

Parameters: - snr_db: Extra SNR margin above the SF receive floor, from 0 to 40.

Default: 5.00 with the rooftop preset

Notes: - This command is repeater-only. - Unknown repeaters are still retried. - Known repeaters below the receive floor plus this margin are skipped. - Failed attempts lower the recent repeater SNR estimate by 0.25 dB.

Examples:

get direct.retry.margin
set direct.retry.margin 0
set direct.retry.margin 2.5
set direct.retry.margin 5
set direct.retry.margin 10

View or change adaptive direct retry coding rate

Usage: - get direct.retry.cr - set direct.retry.cr off - set direct.retry.cr on (room-server and sensor) - set direct.retry.cr <cr4_min>,<cr5_min>,<cr7_min>,<cr8_max>

Parameters: - cr4_min: Minimum SNR in dB to retry at CR4. - cr5_min: Minimum SNR in dB to retry at CR5. - cr7_min: Minimum SNR in dB to retry at CR7. - cr8_max: Maximum SNR in dB that forces CR8.

Default: 10.00,7.50,2.50,2.50

Explanation: - Higher SNR uses faster coding rates. - Lower SNR uses more robust coding rates. - Repeater retry attempts escalate from the adaptive starting CR. CR4 starts as CR4, CR5, CR7, CR7, then CR8. CR5 starts as CR5, CR7, CR7, then CR8. CR7 gets two attempts, then CR8. - Repeater adaptive CR selection intentionally skips CR6. - Non-repeater retry packets start at the current radio CR and follow the same escalation pattern, clamped at CR8. With the normal CR5 radio setting this is CR5, CR7, CR7, then CR8. - Room-server and sensor firmware accept on or off; numeric SNR thresholds are repeater-only because those roles do not keep recent-repeater SNR data. - off disables per-packet retry CR overrides and uses the current radio CR. - Retry packets may use a different coding rate, but they keep the radio's normal physical preamble. - Unknown repeaters start at +3.00 dB for adaptive CR selection. - A failed unknown repeater is seeded at +2.75 dB. - Each later failure lowers the SNR estimate by 0.25 dB.

Examples:

get direct.retry.cr
set direct.retry.cr off
set direct.retry.cr on
set direct.retry.cr 10.0,7.5,2.5,2.5
set direct.retry.cr 12.0,8.0,4.0,1.0
set direct.retry.cr 8.0,5.0,1.5,0
set direct.retry.cr 6.0,3.0,0,-2.0
set direct.retry.cr 20.0,12.0,6.0,2.0
set direct.retry.cr 4.0,2.0,0,-4.0

Example profiles: - Conservative weak-link profile:

set direct.retry.cr 12.0,8.0,4.0,1.0

Balanced rooftop profile:

set direct.retry.cr 10.0,7.5,2.5,2.5

Faster strong-link profile:

set direct.retry.cr 6.0,3.0,0,-2.0

Very cautious noisy-link profile:

set direct.retry.cr 20.0,12.0,6.0,2.0

View, seed, or clear the recent repeater table

Usage: - get recent.repeater - get recent.repeater <page> - get recent.repeaters <page> - get recent.repeaters search <prefix> [page] - set recent.repeater <prefix> [snr_db] - clear recent.repeater

Parameters: - prefix: Repeater path-hash prefix as 2, 4, or 6 hex characters. - snr_db: Optional SNR in dB. If omitted or invalid, defaults to 3.0. - page: 1-based result page.

Note: These commands are repeater-only.

Output order: - get recent.repeater lists 3-byte prefixes first, then 2-byte prefixes, then 1-byte prefixes. - Within each prefix length, entries are sorted from highest SNR to lowest SNR. - search returns every overlapping path-hash entry. For example, searching 860C can return 86, 860C, and 860CCA; it does not return a different branch such as 86D0. - Search rows include the monotonic age of the entry's most recent recording, compacted to a whole s, m, or h field. Search pages contain up to six rows so the result remains within the remote CLI reply limit.

SNR details: - Recent repeater SNR is stored internally in quarter-dB units. - Heard repeater samples update an existing table entry with a weighted blend: 75% existing SNR and 25% new heard SNR, rounded up. - Direct retry success also feeds the heard echo SNR back into the same weighted table. - Direct retry failure is not weighted: each final echo-timeout failure lowers that repeater's SNR by 0.25 dB. - Unknown repeaters start at +3.00 dB for adaptive CR selection. - If an unknown repeater fails, it is seeded into the table at +2.75 dB. - set recent.repeater <prefix> [snr_db] seeds a missing prefix or adds another weighted sample for an existing prefix. - Successful set recent.repeater replies include the stored prefix and SNR, for example OK - set A1B2C3 at 3.0 SNR. - Entries strictly older than 24 hours are removed during a sweep every three hours, so an entry can remain for at most approximately 27 hours.

Examples:

get recent.repeater
get recent.repeater 2
get recent.repeaters search 86
get recent.repeaters search 860C page 2
set recent.repeater A1B2C3 8.5
set recent.repeater 71CE82 -3.25
set recent.repeater A1B2C3
clear recent.repeater

GPS (When GPS support is compiled in)

View or change GPS state

Usage: - gps - gps <state>

Parameters: - state: on|off

Default: off

Note: Output format: - off when the GPS hardware is disabled - on, {active|deactivated}, {fix|no fix}, {sat count} sats when the GPS hardware is enabled

Sync this node's clock with GPS time

Usage: - gps sync

The GPS must be enabled. When GPS power saving has put an enabled receiver to sleep, this command schedules a sync and wakes it; after gps off, it reports gps is off without scheduling work.

Set this node's location based on the GPS coordinates

Usage: - gps setloc

Usage: - gps advert - gps advert <policy>

Parameters: - policy: none|share|prefs - none: don't include location in adverts - share: share gps location (from SensorManager) - prefs: location stored in node's lat and lon settings

Default: prefs on every repeater, room-server, and sensor build that uses the common advert policy. A previously saved none, share, or prefs choice still overrides the first-boot default after an update.

Sensors (When sensor support is compiled in)

View or change telemetry access mode

Usage: - get telemetry.access - set telemetry.access <mode>

Parameters: - mode: all|acl - all: allow telemetry requests using the requester-provided telemetry mask - acl: require ACL read-only or higher for telemetry, including GPS

Default: all

Note: all matches the previous sensor telemetry behavior.

View the list of sensors on this node

Usage: sensor list [start]

Parameters: - start: Optional starting index (defaults to 0)

Note: Output format: <var_name>=<value>\n

View or change the value of a sensor

Usage: - sensor get <key> - sensor set <key> <value>

Parameters: - key: Sensor setting name - value: The value to set the sensor to

Bridge (When bridge support is compiled in)

View the compiled bridge type

Usage: get bridge.type

View or change the bridge enabled flag

Usage: - get bridge.enabled - get bridge.running - set bridge.enabled <state>

Parameters: - state: on|off

bridge.enabled is the saved intent. bridge.running reports whether the bridge actually started in this boot; they can differ after a hardware conflict, missing credentials, or a transient initialization failure. Normal merged repeater images default to off; dedicated bridge images may default to on.

Add a delay to packets routed through this bridge

Usage: - get bridge.delay - set bridge.delay <ms>

Parameters: - ms: Delay in milliseconds (0-10000)

Default: 500

View or change the source of packets bridged to the external interface

Usage: - get bridge.source - set bridge.source <source>

Parameters: - source: - rx: bridges received packets - tx: bridges transmitted packets

Default: tx

Note: For MQTT bridges, use mqtt.rx and mqtt.tx instead of bridge.source. These provide independent per-direction control and support both RX and TX simultaneously. bridge.source still works as a convenience alias for MQTT (setting bridge.source rx sets mqtt.rx on + mqtt.tx off, and vice versa), but mqtt.rx/mqtt.tx are preferred.

View or change MQTT RX packet uplinking

Usage: - get mqtt.rx - set mqtt.rx <on|off>

Parameters: - on: uplink received (RX) packets to MQTT brokers - off: disable RX packet uplinking

Default: on

View or change MQTT TX packet uplinking

Usage: - get mqtt.tx - set mqtt.tx <on|off|advert>

Parameters: - on: uplink all transmitted (TX) packets to MQTT brokers - advert: uplink only this node's own advert packets (self-originated advertisements only - forwarded adverts from other nodes are filtered out) - off: disable TX packet uplinking

Default: advert

Note: mqtt.rx and mqtt.tx take effect immediately - no restart required. Both can be enabled simultaneously.

View or change periodic neighbors publishing (MQTT observer, neighbors feature)

Usage: - get mqtt.neighbors - set mqtt.neighbors <on|off>

Parameters: - on: periodically discover neighbor scopes and publish the neighbor table to the neighbors topic - off: disable periodic neighbors publishing

Default: off

Note: Requires a build with the neighbors feature compiled in (all PSRAM boards, plus non-PSRAM boards built with MQTT_NEIGHBORS_WITHOUT_PSRAM); elsewhere this replies Err - neighbors not enabled in this build. Non-PSRAM builds publish at most 20 neighbours per pass to bound internal-DRAM use, and set truncated with the true total_neighbors when the table is larger. The setting is read live by the mesh loop - no restart required; enabling it triggers a discovery on the next pass. While enabled, get mqtt.status gains a trailing nbr: <next>/<last> field (time to next publish, and how the last publish went).

View or change the neighbors publish interval (MQTT observer, neighbors feature)

Usage: - get mqtt.neighbors.interval - set mqtt.neighbors.interval <hours>

Parameters: - hours: how often to publish the neighbor table (12-336, default 24)

Default: 24 (hours)

Note: Out-of-range values are rejected (not clamped). Requires a build with WITH_MQTT_NEIGHBORS; PSRAM boards enable it automatically and selected non-PSRAM variants opt in with MQTT_NEIGHBORS_WITHOUT_PSRAM.

View or change the NTP server (MQTT observer only)

Usage: - get mqtt.ntp - set mqtt.ntp <hostname> - set mqtt.ntp none

Description: Sets the primary NTP server used for clock sync (required for JWT MQTT auth). On set, the device attempts an immediate sync of the just-configured server (primary only, so a typo fails fast) when WiFi is connected and the MQTT bridge is running.

Fallbacks: If the primary fails, the firmware tries pool.ntp.org, time.google.com, time.cloudflare.com, time.aws.com, and time.nist.gov in order (skipping duplicates).

Default: pool.ntp.org (when unset or none)

Diagnose NTP server connectivity (MQTT observer only)

Usage: - get mqtt.ntp.diag

Description: Probes every configured NTP server (the custom primary, if set, plus the built-in fallbacks) and reports whether each responds. This is a pure connectivity diagnostic - it does not change the system clock.

Serial console: prints a detailed table with each server's reported UTC time (or FAIL).
Over LoRa: returns a compact <server> ok|fail list, one per line.

Requires WiFi connected and the MQTT bridge running.

View or change the speed of the bridge (RS-232 only)

Usage: - get bridge.baud - set bridge.baud <rate>

Parameters: - rate: Baud rate (9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, or 115200)

Default: 115200

View or change the UART used by the bridge (RS-232 only)

Usage: - get bridge.uart - set bridge.uart <port>

Parameters: - port: Hardware UART number compiled for the board. Most boards expose one fixed UART. RAK4631 accepts 1 or 2; UART 2 is the default so UART 1 can remain available to the RAK12501/L76K GPS. RAK12500 GPS uses I2C rather than this UART, but the explicit legacy Serial1 bridge omits the combined GPS provider and therefore does not expose either GPS path.

The setting is persistent and restarts an enabled bridge immediately. Normal repeater artifacts start with bridge.enabled off; configure the UART and baud rate before running set bridge.enabled on. On the canonical RAK4631 runtime image, UART 1 is reserved even if the bounded boot probe hears no RAK12501. Silence cannot prove that a cold L76K is physically absent, and that module remains powered by the shared WB_IO2/3V3_S rail. Use UART 2. UART 1 requires an explicit no-GPS/dedicated Serial1 bridge image. This fail-closed reservation also applies when the detected GPS is an I2C RAK12500; that receiver does not electrically use UART 1, but its presence cannot rule out another silent UART module.

View or change the channel used for bridging (ESPNow only)

Usage: - get bridge.channel - set bridge.channel <channel>

Parameters: - channel: Channel number from 1 through 13 in either format. This matches the primary-ESP-NOW policy and the default regulatory range used by the supported ESP32 targets.

This controls the optional ESP-NOW bridge transport; it does not change a node's primary ESP-NOW mesh channel. Primary-ESP-NOW firmware uses get espnow.channel and set espnow.channel <1-13> instead.

View or change the ESP-NOW bridge wire format

Usage: - get bridge.format - set bridge.format <format>

Parameters: - format: - wrapped: the original ESP-NOW bridge framing (magic, checksum, and XOR using bridge.secret) - raw: the exact serialized MeshCore packet used by primary ESPNOWRadio firmware

Default: wrapped

The setting is persistent and restarts an enabled bridge immediately. Receive parsing is strict: wrapped accepts only wrapped frames and raw accepts only raw MeshCore frames. Coordinate the format and channel on every ESP-NOW peer; there is no automatic dual-format receive mode because it would permit ambiguous, asymmetric bridge deployments.

Use raw to connect a LoRa-primary *_repeater_bridge_espnow node to Generic_ESPNOW, SenseCapIndicator-ESPNow, or another primary-ESP-NOW node. Raw mode enables the ESP-NOW LR PHY and sends at the same LR rate used by those targets. All nodes must use the same 1-13 channel. On a primary-ESP-NOW node, change that side with set espnow.channel <1-13> and reboot; on the bridge, use set bridge.channel <1-13>.

Raw mode ignores bridge.secret and removes the bridge wrapper's lightweight network isolation. MeshCore's own packet authentication/encryption still applies where the packet type provides it, but public frames and routing metadata remain visible. The wrapped format's XOR is isolation, not strong cryptography. Bridge duplicate tracking remains active in both formats, but deploying multiple gateways between the same LoRa and ESP-NOW coverage areas can still increase duplicate traffic while their seen-packet tables converge.

One ESP-NOW frame carries at most 250 payload bytes. In raw mode, serialized MeshCore packets up to that size remain byte-for-byte compatible with existing raw endpoints. Updated raw endpoints split 251-255-byte transport units into two versioned fragments and reassemble them by source MAC, length, and CRC; both endpoints must include this support for those sizes. Current valid MeshCore packet geometry reaches 254 bytes, while 255 is retained as transport headroom. Wrapped mode retains its legacy 246-byte maximum after the four-byte magic and checksum overhead, and drops larger packets instead of truncating them.

Set the ESP-Now secret

Usage: - get bridge.secret - set bridge.secret <secret>

Parameters: - secret: ESP-NOW bridge secret, 1-15 characters

Default: Varies by board

This setting is used only by bridge.format wrapped; raw mode ignores it.

View the bootloader version (nRF52 only)

Usage: get bootloader.ver

View power management support

Usage: get pwrmgt.support

View the current power source

Usage: get pwrmgt.source

Note: Returns an error on boards without power management support.

View the boot reset and shutdown reasons

Usage: get pwrmgt.bootreason

Note: Returns an error on boards without power management support.

View the boot voltage

Usage: get pwrmgt.bootmv

Note: Returns an error on boards without power management support.

Ethernet (when Ethernet support is compiled in)

Ethernet support is available on RAK4631 boards with a RAK13800 (W5100S) Ethernet module. Use the _ethernet firmware variants (e.g. RAK_4631_repeater_ethernet) to enable this feature.

View Ethernet connection status

Usage: - eth.status

Output: - ETH: <ip>:<port> when connected (e.g. ETH: 192.168.1.50:23) - ETH: not connected when Ethernet is not active

Notes: - Available on repeater and room server firmware only. Companion radio ethernet firmware does not expose a CLI. - The Ethernet interface obtains an IP address via DHCP automatically on boot. - A TCP server listens on port 23 (default) for CLI connections. - Connect with any TCP client (e.g. nc, PuTTY) to access the same CLI available over serial.

CLI Commands

Navigation

Operational

Reboot the node

Power-off the node

Enter the UF2 bootloader (nRF52 only)

Reset the clock and reboot

Sync the clock with the remote device

Display current time in UTC

Set the time to a specific timestamp

Send a flood advert

Send a zero-hop advert

Ask a USB-connected host service over LoRa (Repeater Only)

Start or stop an Over-The-Air (OTA) firmware update

Browser configuration portal (ESP32 repeater and room server)

View or change the primary ESP-NOW/WiFi channel

Erase/Factory Reset

Neighbors (Repeater Only)

List nearby neighbors

Remove a neighbor

Discover zero hop neighbors

Discover neighbor scopes (MQTT observer, neighbors feature)

Statistics

Clear Stats

System Stats - Battery, Uptime, Queue Length and Debug Flags

Radio Stats - Noise floor, Last RSSI/SNR, Airtime, Receive errors

Packet stats - Packet counters: Received, Sent

Read repeater and room-server telemetry history

Set Companion display rotation

Set MQTT observer display timeout and flip

Logging

Control live USB logging

Begin capture of rx log to node storage

End capture of rx log to node storage

Erase captured log

Print the captured log to the serial terminal

Info

Get the Version

Show the hardware name

Show the storage layout

Configuration

Radio

View or change this node's radio parameters

View or change this node's transmit power

Change the radio parameters for a set duration

Schedule radio parameter changes

View or change this node's frequency

View or change this node's rx boosted gain mode (SX12xx and LR1110, v1.14.1+)

View or change RX duty-cycle power saving

View or change the LoRa FEM receive-path gain state on supported boards

View or change the LoRa FEM transmit-path gain state on supported boards

System

View or change this node's name

View or change the independent Bluetooth name (Companion)

View or change this node's latitude

View or change this node's longitude

View or change this node's identity (Private Key)

Change this node's admin password

View or change this node's guest password

View or change this node's owner info

Fine-tune the battery reading

Send a repeater flood text

View or change battery alert state

View or change battery alert thresholds

Enable or disable the RX inactivity watchdog (Repeater Only)

Enable or disable the nRF52 system watchdog

Estimate and correct infrastructure-node time after startup

View this node's public key

View this node's firmware version

View this node's configured role

View or change this node's power saving flag

View or set the reboot interval (Repeater and room server)

Control an exposed GPIO

Routing

View or set the direct path override for the current remote client

View or change this node's repeat flag

View or change this node's advert path hash size

View or change this node's loop detection

View or change the retransmit delay factor for flood traffic

View or change the retransmit delay factor for direct traffic